Spinal cord

Question 1

cervical enlargements

Answer 1

C4-T1

Question 2

sacramental enlargements

Answer 2

L1-S3

Question 3

3 layers of meninges

Answer 3

1. Dura
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia

Question 4

sub arachnid space is between what

Answer 4

arachnoid matter and pia matter

Question 5

sub arachnoid matter is filled with what

Answer 5

CSF

Question 6

enlarged subarachnoid space, ends at S2 vertebral level

Answer 6

Lumbar Cistern

Question 7

Deep to vertebral canal but superficial to dura mater

Answer 7

Epidural space

Question 8

Dura mater ends at what level

Answer 8

S2

Question 9

• Lateral extensions of pia mater that pass through the arachnoid layer and attach to the internal surface of the dura mater
Function to anchor the spinal cord

Answer 9

Denticulate ligaments

Question 10

spinal cord ends at what level

Answer 10

L2

Question 11

• Needle is inserted into (what) interlaminar space to avoid the conus medullaris.

Answer 11

L3-L4 or L4-L5

Question 12

what landmark is L4

Answer 12

Iliac crest

Question 13

o Consists of pia mater and remnants of the caudal spinal cord

Answer 13

♣ Filum terminale

Question 14

o Passes through the sacral hiatus to attach to the coccyx (serves to anchor the spinal cord inferiorly)

Answer 14

Filum terminale

Question 15

4 lobes of the brain

Answer 15

• Frontal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Occipital lobe
• Temporal lobe

Question 16

3 sections to the brainstem

Answer 16

midbrain
pons,
medulla oblongata

Question 17

Calvaria is what part of the skull

Answer 17

Roof

Question 18

Basicranium

is what part of the skull

Answer 18

Floor

Question 19

Viscerocranium is what part of the skull

Answer 19

facial skeleton

Question 20

sutures between between the two parietal bones

Answer 20

Sagittal suture

Question 21

sutures between between the frontal and parietal bones

Answer 21

Coronal suture

Question 22

At birth, the sutures are not fused and the bones of the neurocranium are separate by membranous areas called

Answer 22

fontanelles

Question 23

♣ Pterion

Answer 23

Junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones

Question 24

Fractures at pterion can rupture the anterior branch of the

Answer 24

middle meningeal artery can cause an epidural hematoma

Question 25

Anterior cranial fossa 3 bones

Answer 25

1. Frontal, 2. sphenoid 3. ethmoid bones

Question 26

Middle cranial fossa 2 bones

Answer 26

Temporal and sphenoid bones

Question 27

what goes through Optic canal

Answer 27

1. optic nerve (CN II) | 2. ophthalmic artery

Question 28

what goes through Superior orbital fissure

Answer 28

1. oculomotor nerve (CN III), 2. trochlear nerve (CN IV), 3. ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), 4. abducent nerve (CN VI), 5. ophthalmic veins

Question 29

what goes through Foramen rotundum

Answer 29

maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Question 30

what goes through Foramen ovale

Answer 30

mandibular nerve (CN V3)

Question 31

what goes through Foramen spinosum

Answer 31

middle meningeal nerve, artery and vein

Question 32

what goes through Foramen lacerum (closed in life by cartilage)

Answer 32

Internal carotid artery passes horizontally across this region after passing through the carotid canal in the temporal bone

Question 33

what goes through Internal acoustic meatus

Answer 33

1. facial nerve (CN VII) | 2. vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

Question 34

what goes through Jugular foramen

Answer 34

1. glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), 2. vagus nerve (CN X), 3. spinal accessory nerve (CN XI), 4. internal jugular vein

Question 35

what goes though Hypoglossal canal

Answer 35

1. hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 36

what goes though Foramen magnum

Answer 36

medulla and meninges, spinal root of CN XI, vertebral arteries

Question 37

provides blood supply to the dura mater

Answer 37

Middle meningeal artery

Question 38

In contrast to the spinal dura mater, the cranial dura mater is composed of (how many layers)

Answer 38

Two

Question 39

In contrast to the spinal dura mater, the cranial dura mater is composed of what two layers

Answer 39

1. External periosteal layer (lines internal surface of neurocranium) 2. Internal meningeal layer

Question 40

Cranial dura mater | Innervated primarily by branches of

Answer 40

1. Trigeminal (CN V) | 2. Vagus (CN X)

Question 41

Dura-Arachnoid Junction | is the location of what condition

Answer 41

Subdural Hematoma

Question 42

• Extensions of the arachnoid mater, called (what), are involved in the transfer of CSF to the venous system

Answer 42

arachnoid granulations

Question 43

o Formed by the fusion of adjacent layers of meningeal dura o Dive between parts of the brain Between the cerebral hemispheres in sagittal plane • Anterior attachments: frontal crest and crista galli • Posterior attachment: occipital bone

Answer 43

o Falx cerebri

Question 44

• Between occipital lobes of the cerebrum and the cerebellum in the transverse plane

Answer 44

o Tentorium cerebelli

Question 45

• Between cerebellar hemispheres in sagittal plane

Answer 45

• Falx cerebelli

Question 46

* Attached to the clinoid processes | * Forms roof over pituitary gland, but allows passage of infundibulum (pituitary stalk) and veins

Answer 46

• Diaphragm sellae

Question 47

Between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura

Answer 47

Dural venous sinuses

Question 48

Dural venous sinuses drains into what veins

Answer 48

internal jugular veins

Question 49

Within superior border of falx cerebri

Answer 49

Superior sagittal sinus

Question 50

what goes though cavernous sinus

Answer 50

o Internal carotid artery | o Abducent nerve (CN VI)

Question 51

Only structure in body where an artery passes through a vein

Answer 51

cavernous sinus

Question 52

Within lateral walls of sinus (4)

Answer 52

``` Oculomotor nerve (CN III) Trochlear nerve (CN IV) Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) Maxillary nerve (CN V2) ```

Question 53

Vertebral arteries come off what artery

Answer 53

subclavian arteries

Question 54

Vertebral arteries Enter the cranium via the

Answer 54

foramen magnum

Question 55

Vertebral arteries form the

Answer 55

basilar

Question 56

Basilar artery gives off what two arteries

Answer 56

1. Posterior Communicating Arteries 2. Posterior Cerebral Arteries

Question 57

Internal carotid arteries Give rise (3)

Answer 57

1. ophthalmic artery, 2. anterior cerebral artery (with anterior communicating artery) 3. middle cerebral artery

Question 58

Internal Carotid Artery enters the skull how

Answer 58

Enters: carotid canal

Question 59

Ophthalmic artery | is a branch of what artery

Answer 59

ICA

Question 60

The vertebral arteries enter though what space

Answer 60

foramen magnum

Question 61

Internal Jugualr vein enters though what space

Answer 61

Jugualr foramen

Question 62

Cranial Dura Mater Innervated by what two nerves

Answer 62

1. Trigeninal | 2. vagus

Question 63

o When performing a subarachnoid block, the anesthetic agent is injected into the (X) , and affects the dorsal and ventral roots of the cauda equina

Answer 63

Lumbar cistern