Spinal Cord Disorders

Question 1

hyperreflexia is an issue with what neuron?

Answer 1

UMN

Question 2

hyporeflexia is commonly an issue with what neuron?

Answer 2

LMN

Question 3

what is a finding in hyperreflexia on exam?

Answer 3

clonus

Question 4

what is clonus

Answer 4

repetitive beating of foot when reflex stimulated

Question 5

biceps reflex is what spinal level?

Answer 5

C56

Question 6

triceps reflex is what spinal level?

Answer 6

C78

Question 7

patellar reflex is what spinal level?

Answer 7

L34

Question 8

achilles reflex is what spinal level?

Answer 8

S12

Question 9

plantar reflex is what spinal level?

Answer 9

S12

Question 10

what is normal plantar response in adults?

Answer 10

pull toes down when stroked on base of foot

Question 11

what is abnormal plantar response in adults?

Answer 11

pull toes up when stroked on base of foot

Question 12

what nerve is tested in biceps reflex?

Answer 12

musculocutaneous

Question 13

what nerve is tested in triceps reflex?

Answer 13

radial

Question 14

what nerve is tested in patellar reflex?

Answer 14

femoral

Question 15

what nerve is tested in achilles reflex?

Answer 15

tibial

Question 16

what nerve is tested in plantar reflex?

Answer 16

tibial

Question 17

if adult shows babinski sign on plantar reflex test, where is lesion?

Answer 17

upper motor neuron

Question 18

what is the rooting reflex?

Answer 18

newborn turn to cheek stroke

Question 19

what is palmar grasp reflex?

Answer 19

newborn closes palm when stroked

Question 20

?what is the moro reflex

Answer 20

startle reflex in infants when they react with arms outstretched to being laid down

Question 21

what is the tonic neck reflex?

Answer 21

fencing posture toward head turn side

Question 22

do infants have normal plantar reflex?

Answer 22

no they have babinski sign too…goes away at 1yo

Question 23

where is syringomyelia most common?

Answer 23

C8 to T1

Question 24

what portion of the SC does syringomyelia affect?

Answer 24

anterior commissure fibers

Question 25

what tract is affected in syringomyelia?

Answer 25

spinothalamic tract

Question 26

what is syringomyelia ?

Answer 26

cystic space in the SC

Question 27

what are symptoms of syringomyelia?

Answer 27

bilateral loss of pain and temperature in arms

Question 28

what are three causes of syringomyelia?

Answer 28

trauma tumor chiari malformation

Question 29

what is cause of subacute combined degeneration of SC?

Answer 29

B12 deficiency

Question 30

what tracts are affected in subacute combined degeneration of SC?

Answer 30

lateral corticospinal DCML spinocerebellar

Question 31

what are four symptoms of subacute combined degeneration of SC?

Answer 31

ataxia paresthesia brisk reflexes...including babinski impaired vibration/position sense

Question 32

what is rx for subacute combined degeneration of SC?

Answer 32

IM B12

Question 33

what is cause of tabes dorsalis?

Answer 33

tertiary neurosyphilis

Question 34

what is damaged in neurosyphilis?

Answer 34

dorsal roots and dorsal columns

Question 35

what sensation is lost in tertiary neurosyphilis?

Answer 35

loss of proprioception and vibratory sensation

Question 36

what happens to deep tendon reflexes in tertiary neurosyphilis?

Answer 36

loss of them

Question 37

what are symptoms of tertiary neurosyphilis?

Answer 37

ataxia rombergs sign charcots joints shooting pain

Question 38

what is charcots joints?

Answer 38

high arched foot

Question 39

what is anterior spinal cord syndrome?

Answer 39

anterior spinal cord injury due to watershed hypoperfusion

Question 40

what is artery that supplies region affected in anterior spinal cord syndrome?

Answer 40

artery of adamkiewicz

Question 41

below lesion in anterior spinal cord syndrome what are two issues?

Answer 41

loss of pain and temp | UMN deficit

Question 42

at lesion in anterior spinal cord syndrome what is issue?

Answer 42

LMN lesion

Question 43

what is brown sequard syndrome?

Answer 43

half cord syndrome where one half of SC at a level is injured

Question 44

what is usual cause of brown sequard syndrome?

Answer 44

shooting or stab

Question 45

at the level of injury in brown sequard syndrome what is issue?

Answer 45

LMN weakness and loss of all sensation ipsilaterally

Question 46

below the level of injury in brown sequard syndrome what is issue?

Answer 46

contralateral loss of pain and temperature and ipsilateral weakness and loss of position/vibration sense

Question 47

what causes ALS?

Answer 47

superoxide dismutase

Question 48

where is issue in ALS?

Answer 48

anterior horn cell

Question 49

do you have UMN or LMN issue in ALS?

Answer 49

BOTH