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Kcep 210 final > Spinal Cord Injury > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is a SCI?

A

Quadraplegia and Paraplegia acquired through some kind of trauma

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2
Q

Causes and % (5)

A
  • 48% Motor vehicles
  • 21% Falls
  • 14% Violence
  • 14% Sport injuries
  • 3% other
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3
Q

Number 1 cause of SCI

A

Diving (pool, lake)

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4
Q

Incidence - new cases and number of Canadians

A
  • 1100 new cases per year

- 44 000 Canadians live with SCI

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5
Q

Incidence - annual health care cost

A

3.6 billion

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6
Q

Incidence - lifetime health care cost/ person

A

between 1.6 and 3 million depending on the severity and the age.

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7
Q

Incidence - gender, age and why

A
  • 80% male
  • between 16 and 30 years
  • takes more risks
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8
Q

Lesions - types and %

A
  • Complete (50%)

- Incomplete (50%)

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9
Q

Lesions - most common type in the past

A
  • more complete lesions vs incomplete
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10
Q

Lesions - why decrease in complete lessions (3)

A
  • Meds
  • Car safety belt + airbag
  • Paramedics (spinal immobilization)
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11
Q

Organization of the nervous system - sensory information

A

somatosensory system (cutaneous & proprioceptive info) -> Ascending pathways (dorsal tracts)

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12
Q

Organization of the nervous system - motor commands

A

motor commands -> descending pathways (ventral tracts)

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13
Q

Severity of condition - depends on

A
  • Level of lesion

- Whether it is complete or incomplete

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14
Q

Severity of condition - Quadriplegia

A
  • also known as Tetraplegia
  • involve all 4 limbs and trunk
  • Cause : cervical segment
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15
Q

Quadriplegia - most common vertebrae and why

A

C5-C6 because of car accident

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16
Q

Quadriplegia - Vertebrae important for wheelchair users

A

C7 because it innervates the tricep = elbow extension

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17
Q

Severity of condition - Paraplegia

A
  • involve lower limbs and trunk (if higher than lumbar)

- Cause damage to thoracic or lumbar spine

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18
Q

Paraplegia - complete lesions (3 types)

A
  • T1 to T6 = no sitting balance
  • T7 to L1 = some useful sitting
  • L2 and lower = normal trunk control
  • important for wheelchair sports
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19
Q

Health concerns in SCI (6)

A
  • Sensation loss
  • Contractures and injury prevention (Spasticity)
  • Lower limb atrophy
  • Osteoporosis
  • Weight management
  • ANS dysfunction
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20
Q

Sensation loss - complete lesion

A

total loss below lesion

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21
Q

Sensation loss - incomplete lesion

A
  • partial loss below lesion
  • Lose some sensations
  • Vulnerable to injury
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22
Q

Contractures - spasticity

A
  • Shortening and tightening of muscles
  • Flexor in upper limbs
  • Extensor in lower limbs
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23
Q

Injury prevention - spasticity

A

Stretching 2x / day (full ROM)

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24
Q

Lower limb atrophy, osteoporosis and weight management - why common (not in exam)

A
  • decreased in muscles contraction (paralysis)
  • decreased in mechanical loading
  • decreased in energy expenditure
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25
Weight management
more prone to hypokinetic diseases
26
What does ANS stands for?
Autonomic Nervous System
27
ANS - regulation
- Regulates involuntary function
28
ANS - sympathetic system during exercise
- Increase heart rate - Increase blood pressure - Constrict blood vessels
29
ANS - origin of cardiac sympathetic fibers
T1-T4 (partly T5)
30
ANS dysfunction- sympathetic system during exercise
- Decrease heart rate - Decrease blood pressure - Impairment of vasoconstrictor function = decrease blood to heart = decrease oxygen = early fatigue - Sweating impairments
31
ANS dysfunction- In which condition can it be present
- Quadriplegics | - High paraplegics (T5 and above)
32
ANS signal origine
Brainstem
33
High intensity training in SCI, causes and symptoms
- May not be tolerated for quadriplegics and high paraplegics because of hypotensions - Cause: sympathetic nervous system (ANS dysfunction) - Symptoms : dizziness or nausea
34
Recommendations for Exercise programming (3)
- Decreased cardiovascular capacity - Decreased endurance - Decreased active muscle mass during exercise
35
Decreased % cardiovascular capacity and endurance - paraplegics
- decreased 50 %
36
Decreased % cardiovascular capacity and endurance - quadriplegics
- decreased 75%
37
Recommendations for Exercise programming - decreased muscle mass
- Lower limb muscle = 2/3 of muscle mass | - Quadriplegics = greater loss of cardiovascular capacity = greater loss than paraplegics
38
Recommendations for Exercise programming - When ANS dysfunction is present
- Decreased drive from sympathetic nervous system | - Max heart rate 110-120 beats/min
39
Cardiovascular training may include (3)
- Arm Ergometer - Locomotor training with crutches or body weight support - Wheelchair propulsion using rollers
40
Cardiovascular training - Arm Ergometer
- Suitable for use at home or center - Workload can be adjust - Grips cuffs used for quadriplegics
41
Cardiovascular training - Locomotor training with crutches or body weight support
- Increase muscle strength and bone mineral density | - Prevent pressure sore by increasing blood circulation
42
Cardiovascular training - Wheelchair propulsion using rollers
rollers are to wheelchair what treadmills are to ambulatory runners
43
Prevention upper extremity overuse syndromes
- Vary exercises from week to week - Strengthen muscles of upper back and posterior shoulder - Stretch muscles of ant. should and chest
44
Prevention contractures and injury
- Stretching exercises for both extremities
45
Seated flexibility exercises (4)
- Chest Stretch - Shoulder Retraction - Triceps Stretch - Seated Chest Stretch in doorway
46
Why most spinal cord injured persons prefer wheelchair over crutches and braces ?
To save energy especially for long distance
47
Sports wheelchair common characteristics
- No push handle - Not foldable = more solid - Wheel camber - Anti-tipping support
48
Which characteristics is common in all wheelchair except racing wheelchair?
Anti-tipping
49
Characteristics - basketball wheelchair (5)
- Fixed camber bars - Anti-tipping support - Quick release wheels - Rollerblade casters - Adjustable back and footplate height
50
Characteristics - rugby wheelchair (5)
- Fixed camber bars - Anti-tipping support - Cross spoked wheels + quick release - Rollerblade casters - Adjustable back and footplate height
51
Racing Wheelchair - camber angle
11 to 15 degree
52
Racing Wheelchair - cage
Build according to body dimensions
53
Racing Wheelchair - frame
Made of aluminum
54
Racing Wheelchair - Steering
Maneuver the front wheel during sharp turns
55
Racing Wheelchair - Tires
Preferably tubular tires
56
Racing Wheelchair - Hand ring
Used for propulsion (push from 12 to 9)
57
Racing Wheelchair - Fenders
Protection for torso and arms
58
Wheelchair propulsion - 2 types
- Short propulsion thrust | - Long-duration circular-propulsion thrust
59
Wheelchair propulsion - short propulsion
- ADL, most sport except racing - Pushes forward and downward (noon to 3 o'clock) and trunk moves forward - Handrims release at 3 o'clock and trunk return upright
60
Wheelchair propulsion - Long-duration circular-propulsion
- track and marathon racing - Contact with handrims through 3/4 of the circle, applying force the entire time - Trunk in flexion - Final propulsion thrust is the shoulder extension
61
Wheelchair basketball - characteristics (7)
- 5 players / team - Net 10 feet - 3 sec in the key - Dribble, shoot or pass after 2 pushes - No double dribble rule - Can't raise butt off chair - Open to able-bodied (no major comp)
62
Wheelchair basketball - classification for International Wheelchair Basketball Federation
- Have a permanent physical disability in lower limbs (can't run, jump and pivot) - Classification based on observed trunk mvt and stability during basketball competitions (not based on medical diagnosis )
63
Second most common condition after SCI in wheelchair basketball?
Amputation
64
Adapted Tennis - characteristics (6)
- Individuals or pairs - **Ball may bounce once or twice ** - Scoring is the same - Played by people w/ paraplegia and quadriplegia - Created in 1976 (USA) - More than 6000 players
65
Adapted Rugby - characteristics (7)
- Score points by carrying the ball over opponents' goal line - Very fast, contact team sport - Play w/ volleyball for easier manipulation - Played w/ hands or forearms - **Must dribble or pass at least every 10 sec** - Goal score when goal line touch with 2 wheels - Violation includes charging, interference, etc

Kcep 210 final (8 decks)

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