Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 1

is concussion considered a TBI?

Answer 1

Yes a mild TBI

Question 2

What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI) ?

Answer 2

A physical injury to brain tissue that temporarily or permanently impairs brain function

Question 3

TBI - causes

Answer 3

• Direct blow or penetrating object

- Indirect forces ex: inertia during a motor vehicle accident

Question 4

TBI - penetrating head injury %

Answer 4

25% of TBI

Question 5

TBI - closed head injury %

Answer 5

75% of TBI

Question 6

TBI - what are classifications based on

Answer 6

• Severity

- mechanism of injury

Question 7

TBI - Classification of severity (3)

Answer 7

• Mild
• Moderate
• Severe

Question 8

TBI - Classification of mechanism of injury

Answer 8

• closed head injury

- penetrating head injury

Question 9

TBI - aspects affected (5)

Answer 9

• Physical capability
• Cognitive ability
• Emotional state
• Social interactions
• Behavior

Question 10

TBI - increase risks of (3)

Answer 10

• Epilepsy
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Parkinson’s disease

Question 11

TBI - can the side of brain lesion predict type of impairments and disability?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

TBI - People U-35

Answer 12

• Leading cause of death and disability for people U-35

Question 13

TBI - Incidence % men vs women and why

Answer 13

• 21 % women, 79% men

- Men higher bc young male takes more risk

Question 14

TBI - Number of case

Answer 14

• 65 000 new cases / years in CAN
• 20% die
• 10 to 20 % survive w/ severe impairments
• Others learn to live with impairments

Question 15

Incidence of TBI diagram - 3 things to look at

Answer 15

age group, overall reason and other

Question 16

Incidence of TBI diagram - age group with highest rate

Answer 16

• 15-24 yo

Question 17

Incidence of TBI diagram - reasons of TBI

Answer 17

• 28% motor vehicle
• 20% sports
• 9% assault
• rest other

Question 18

Incidence of TBI diagram - age group with highest rate associated to sport

Answer 18

• less than 15 yo

- 15 to 24 yo

Question 19

Incidence of TBI diagram - highest risk with people older than 64 yo

Answer 19

Falling

Question 20

Types of TBI

Answer 20

• Penetrating head injury
• Closed head injury
• focal
• diffuse

Question 21

Types of TBI - penetrating head injury

Answer 21

Injury where brain tissue is damage by an object that has pierced the skull and dura mater

Question 22

Types of TBI - Closed head injury

Answer 22

Injury in which the skull and dura mater are not breached

Question 23

TBI - focal

Answer 23

Confined to a specific area of the brain causing localized damage

Question 24

TBI - diffuse

Answer 24

characterized by damage throughout the brain

Question 25

Types and causes - Hematoma

Answer 25

Collection of blood outside blood vessel

Question 26

Types and causes - Hemorrhage

Answer 26

Bleeding directly into the brain tissue

Question 27

Types and causes - Diffuse Axonal injury

Answer 27

Tearing of nerve bundles and/or stretching of blood vessels

Question 28

Types and causes - Contusion

Answer 28

Bruises causing swelling and bleeding = tissue damage

Question 29

Types and causes - What happen during TBI? (2)

Answer 29

- Nerve fibers are severed | - Nerve fibers are stretched = inefficient and slowed functioning

Question 30

Coup-Contrecoup - Coup

Answer 30

Brain injury at the point of impact

Question 31

Coup-Contrecoup - Contrecoup

Answer 31

Brain injury oppose to the point of impact

Question 32

Coup-Contrecoup - what is the primary impact ?

Answer 32

Coup

Question 33

Coup-Contrecoup - what is the secondary impact ?

Answer 33

Contrecoup

Question 34

Brain areas vs. functions - 6 areas

Answer 34

- Frontal lobe - Motor cortex - Sensory cortex - Parietal lobe - Occipital lobe - Temporal lobe

Question 35

Brain areas vs. functions - Frontal lobe

Answer 35

Filtring, problem solving, emotions, behaviour

Question 36

Brain areas vs. functions - Motor cortex

Answer 36

Mvt

Question 37

Brain areas vs. functions - Sensory cortex

Answer 37

Sensations

Question 38

Brain areas vs. functions - Parietal lobe

Answer 38

Perception, spelling, making sense of the world

Question 39

Brain areas vs. functions - Occipital lobe

Answer 39

Vision

Question 40

Brain areas vs. functions - Temporal lobe

Answer 40

Memory, understanding, language

Question 41

Hemineglect syndrome - symptoms

Answer 41

ignored people who approach from the left, leave food of the left side untouched, etc..

Question 42

TBI - degree of severity (3)

Answer 42

1. Confusion 2. Coma 3. Cerebral death

Question 43

TBI - degree of severity - confusion

Answer 43

- decreased of thinking process - Inattention or disorientation - Speech is affected

Question 44

TBI - degree of severity - coma

Answer 44

- Affect IQ - Decreased metabolic activity of the brain - Lead to amnesia

Question 45

TBI - degree of severity - cerebral death

Answer 45

- Brain no longer able to regulate body function

Question 46

TBI - symptoms (5)

Answer 46

- Medical - Physical - Senses - Thoughts and communication - Behavior and personality

Question 47

TBI - symptoms - medical

Answer 47

Headaches, risk of seizures, fatigue

Question 48

TBI - symptoms - physical

Answer 48

- Kcep can help | - balance issues, lack of coordination, muscle weakness/ paralysis

Question 49

TBI - symptoms - senses

Answer 49

Over-sensitivity, vision problems

Question 50

TBI - symptoms - thougths and communication

Answer 50

Affect organization of thoughts/ ability to find words and communicate clearly

Question 51

TBI - symptoms - Behavior and personality

Answer 51

Irritability, mood swings, depression, anxiety

Question 52

Difference between effects of TBI and Stroke on body functions

Answer 52

Brain damage after TBI is more widespread than stoke

Question 53

Can you exercise after a TBI?

Answer 53

YES

Question 54

Recovery of motor function graph (2)

Answer 54

1. Recovery process more than 2 years | 2. The longer the coma = greater the severity

Question 55

Can the recovery process occur for more than 2 years post TBI?

Answer 55

YES

Question 56

Is there a relation between length of coma and level of severity?

Answer 56

YES