Spinal Cord Structure and Functional impacts of Damage Flashcards
Spinal cord divided into 30 segments
__ cervical
__ thoracic
__ Lumbar
__ Sacral
__ Coccygeal
Spinal cord divided into 30 segments
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
(a few) Coccygeal AKA tail bone
Anterior Horns
efferent (motor) neurons affect muscles and muscle spindles
Posterior horns
Afferent (sensory) neurons
White matter:
Ascending fiber systems
Descending fiber systems
ascending: sensory pathways
damage results in various loss of sensation such as proprioception, temperature, light touch
descending:
Spinal Cord Syndromes:
Complete Cord Lesion: (Upper motor neuron lesion)
Complete bilateral loss of sensory AND motor function.
Spastic paralysis below the level of injury
spastic bladder/bowel with loss of function
Spinal Cord Syndromes:
Central Cord Lesion: (Upper motor neuron lesion)
Spinal cord cavitation in cervical section
Loss of bilateral pain and temperature sensation
Proprioception and discriminatory sensations
preserved
Bilateral loss of motor functions (primarily UE)
Spinal Cord Syndromes:
Brown-Sequard Syndrome: (Upper motor neuron lesion)
effects hemisection of spinal cord
Sensory: Ipsilateral (same side) loss of tactile discrimination, pressure, vibration, and proprioception.
contralateral (opposite side) loss of pain and temperature below lesion.
bilateral loss of pain and temperature at the lesion.
Motor: Ipsilateral Loss of motor function and spastic paralysis below level of lesion
Spinal Cord Syndromes:
Anterior cord syndrome: (UMN lesion)
Bilateral loss of motor function with spastic paralysis below level of lesion.
Bilateral loss of pain and temp
proprioception, kinesthesia, and vibration sense preserved
Spinal Cord Syndromes:
Posterior Cord Syndrome : UMN lesion
Sensory: Bilateral loss of proprioception, vibration, pressure, stereognosis, and 2 point discrimination senses.
Preservation of motor function, pain, and light touch
Spinal Cord Syndromes:
Cauda Equina Injury: (Lower Motor neuron lesion)
loss of long nerve roots at or below L1
Variable sensory and motor nerve damage. incomplete lesions are common.
flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex, flaccid bladder/bowel.
potential for nerve regeneration
SCI Levels and self care abilities
C1-C3
SCI Levels and self care abilities
total dependence all self care, can instruct others on preferences
can chew and swllow
SCI Levels and self care abilities
C4
SCI Levels and self care abilities
total dependence all self care but can instruct on preferences
can drink from glass using long straw
SCI Levels and self care abilities
C5
feeding
dressing
bathing
grooming
SCI Levels and self care abilities
C5
Feeding total assist for set up, independent with equipment
equipment used can include:
- suspension sling/mobile arm support,
- dorsal wrist splint w/ universal cuff
- dycem to prevent slippage
- scoop dish/plate guard
- angled utensils
Dressing= min to mod assist for UB, dependent LB
Bathing= mod to min assist
grooming= set up assist, can use universal cuff/splint to independently brush teeth/hair. Independent with electric shaver that fits around hand
SCI Levels and self care abilities
C6
feeding
dressing
bathing
grooming
SCI Levels and self care abilities
C6
feeding: Independent with use of AE such as:
universal cuff/tendonesis splint, rocker knife, scoop dish/plate guard, cup with large handles
- dressing: independent LB while laying in bed, requires max assist with socks/shoes. Independent UB using button hook, zipper pull, velcro fasteners.
- Bathing: min assit using handheld shower, tub bench, and sliding board transfer.
- Grooming: independent using tendonesis grasp or splint.
SCI Levels and self care abilities
C7
feeding
dressing
bathing
grooming
SCI Levels and self care abilities
C7
feeding: independent
dressing: independent
Bathing: independent using handheld shower, tub bench, and depression transfer
grooming: independent using tendonesis grasp or splint
