Spinal Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the shape of the sacrum and which direction does the base go?

Answer 1

Large triangle shaped bone with the base directed upward.

Question 2

What is the sacrum wedged between?

Answer 2

The innominate bones on each side.

Question 3

The sacrum is formed by the fusion of _ sacral vertebrae after aproximately __ years of age.

Answer 3

5 sacral vertebrae after approx. 20 years of age

Question 4

What does the base of the sacrum articulate with?

Answer 4

5th lumbar vertebrae

Question 5

What does the apex of the sacrum articulate with?

Answer 5

Coccyx

Question 6

What does the sacral canal contain?

Answer 6

Cauda equina and spinal meninges

Question 7

Describe the pelvic surface of the sacrum and the direction it faces.

Answer 7

Smooth concave surface facing anteriorly and inferiorly

Question 8

How many pairs of pelvic sacral foramen are present and what is their purpose?

Answer 8

4 pairs which serve as passage for nerves

Question 9

How many raised lines does the pelvic surface of the sacrum have? Which direction do they run?

Answer 9

4 raised transverse lines

Question 10

Describe the dorsal surface of the sacrum

Answer 10

Roughened convex shaped surface

Question 11

What type of facets are present on the dorsal surface of the sacrum? What do they articulate with?

Answer 11

Superior articular facets which articulate with the inferior articular facets of the 5th lumbar vertebrae.

Question 12

How many pairs of dorsal sacral foramen are present and what is their purpose?

Answer 12

4 pairs which serve as passage for nerves

Question 13

Median sacral crest is a midline ridge comprised of fused ____

Answer 13

Spinous processes

Question 14

2 intermediate sacral crests on the ___ side of the dorsal foramen formed by the fused ___ and ___ processes.

Answer 14

2 intermediate sacral crests on the MEDIAL side of the dorsal foramen formed by the fused SUPERIOR and INFERIOR articular processes.

Question 15

2 lateral sacral crests on the ____ side of the dorsal foramen formed by the fused ___ processes.

Answer 15

2 lateral sacral crests on the LATERAL side of the dorsal foramen formed by the fused TRANSVERSE processes.

Question 16

What does the articular surface of the sacrum articulate with?

Answer 16

The ilium

Question 17

What does the rough and pitted area on the lateral surface of the sacrum provide attachment for?

Answer 17

The sacroiliac ligament

Question 18

What is the shape of the coccyx and what direction does it point?

Answer 18

Triangular in shape, directed inferiorly.

Question 19

How many vertebrae does the coccyx consist of? What type

Answer 19

4 vestigial, rudimentary, undeveloped vertebrae

Question 20

Describe the dorsal and pelvic surface of the coccyx.

Answer 20

Dorsal surface is roughened, pelvis surface is smooth.

Question 21

What 3 components compose the innominate bone?

Answer 21

Ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 22

What fraction of the hip bone is comprised of the ilium?

Answer 22

2/3

Question 23

What fraction of the acetabulum is comprised from the ilium?

Answer 23

2/5

Question 24

what direction does the gluteal surface point?

Answer 24

posterior and lateral

Question 25

what is the gluteal surface inferior and superior to?

Answer 25

inferior to iliac crest, superior to acetabulum

Question 26

How many ridges does the glutel surface have? What are there directions?

Answer 26

3 - posterior, anterior, inferior

Question 27

Which is the shortest most pronounced gluteal line?

Answer 27

posterior gluteal line

Question 28

what two points does the posterior gluteal line run between?

Answer 28

iliac crest 4cm anterior to the PSIS running downward to the PIIS

Question 29

what is the longest, arc shaped gluteal line?

Answer 29

anterior gluteal line

Question 30

what two points does the anterior gluteal line run between?

Answer 30

tubercle of the crest 5cm posterior to ASIS to the middle of the upper margin of the greater sciatic notch

Question 31

what two points does the inferior gluteal line run between?

Answer 31

starts from the AIIS above and arches posterior and inferior to the lower border of the greater sciatic notch

Question 32

which direction does the iliac fossa point

Answer 32

anterior and medial

Question 33

what bony landmark provides origin for iliacus?

Answer 33

The iliac fossa

Question 34

What seperates the iliac fossa and the sacropelvic surface?

Answer 34

a ridge called the medial border

Question 35

Describe the auricular surface

Answer 35

ear shaped smooth surface, irregular and covered by hyaline cartilage

Question 36

what does the scaropelvic surface articulate with and what does this articulation form?

Answer 36

articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint

Question 37

what two points does the iliac crest run between?

Answer 37

ASIS to PSIS

Question 38

What is the superior border of the ilium called?

Answer 38

Iliac crest

Question 39

where is the tubercle of the iliac crest found?

Answer 39

5cm posterior to the ASIS on the superior side of the crest

Question 40

What does the ASIS provide attachment for?

Answer 40

Origin of sartorius and superior attachment of inguinal ligament

Question 41

What is on either end of the greater sciatic notch (boney landmarks)

Answer 41

PIIS (Superiorly) Ischial Spine (Inferiorly)

Question 42

what converts the sciatic notch into a foramen?

Answer 42

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 43

what is another name for the arcuate line?

Answer 43

iliopectineal line

Question 44

what does the arcuate line provide seperation between?

Answer 44

divides bone into that part that bounds the abdomen and that part that bounds the pelvis

Question 45

what is the bump that marks the union of the ilium and the pubis called?

Answer 45

iliopubic eminence

Question 46

what is the anterior portion of the innominate called?

Answer 46

pubis

Question 47

where is the pubis in relation to the acetabulum?

Answer 47

anterior and inferior

Question 48

the pubis consists of a ___ and two \_\_\_

Answer 48

a BODY and two RAMI

Question 49

the pubis comes from both sides to meet in front to form the \_\_\_

Answer 49

symphysis pubis

Question 50

what muscles does the pubis provide origin for?

Answer 50

adductor muscles

Question 51

what part of the innominate is the ischium?

Answer 51

inferior, posterior part

Question 52

what shape is the ischium?

Answer 52

L-shaped

Question 53

the ischium consists of a ___ and one \_\_

Answer 53

body and one ramus

Question 54

what is the lowest part of the innominate?

Answer 54

Ischial tuberosity

Question 55

what obscures the ischial tuberosity when the hip is extended?

Answer 55

gluteus maximus

Question 56

what muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity

Answer 56

hamstrings

Question 57

what ligament attaches to the ischial tubersoity?

Answer 57

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 58

Where is the ischial spine located?

Answer 58

small projection on the posterior border between the GSN and LSN

Question 59

what is the ischial spine superior/inferior to?

Answer 59

superior to the lesser sciatic notch and inferior to the greater sciatic notch

Question 60

what does the Ischial spine provide attachment for?

Answer 60

sacrospinous ligament

Question 61

which aspect of the innominate is the acetabulum found?

Answer 61

lateral

Question 62

what directions does the acetabulum face?

Answer 62

lateral inferior and anterior

Question 63

what is the shape of the articular surface of the acetabulum? Which aspect is widest?

Answer 63

articular surface is horseshoe shaped and widest superiorly

Question 64

What forms the acetabulum? (\_/5)

Answer 64

- pubis forms the anterior and inferior 1/5 - ischium forms the posterior and inferior 2/5 - ilium forms the remaining 2/5

Question 65

Answer 65

Question 66

Answer 66