SpinalBioMech Midterm Lec 6 &7

Question 1

_______: external force applied to a structure

Answer 1

Load

Question 2

Load produces ______

Answer 2

deformation

Question 3

______: internal reaction to applied force

Answer 3

stress

Question 4

Load is ______ forces applied to a structure

Answer 4

external

Question 5

Stress is _____ reaction to applied force

Answer 5

internal

Question 6

______ : material deformation resulting from stress

Answer 6

strain

Question 7

Strain is material _____ resulting from stress

Answer 7

deformation

Question 8

______: slack is removed with minimal force

Answer 8

toe region

Question 9

_______: the structure returns to its original dimensions

Answer 9

elastic region

Question 10

______: btw elastic and plastic region

Answer 10

yeild point

Question 11

____: deformation is permanent

Answer 11

plastic region

Question 12

______: material fails under load

Answer 12

ultimate failure point

Question 13

_______ loading: creates tensile stress & strain

Answer 13

tensile loading

Question 14

____ loading: creates compressive stress and strain

Answer 14

compressive loading

Question 15

____ loading : the result of parallel equal forces in opposite directions

Answer 15

shear

Question 16

______ loading: the result of forces applies perpendicular to the long axis of a structure

Answer 16

torsion loading

Question 17

___ force : combination of tension, compression stress & strain

Answer 17

bending forces

Question 18

_____: materials resistance to flow; a fluid property

Answer 18

viscosity

Question 19

___: a materials ability to recover after deformation

Answer 19

elasticity

Question 20

____: material deformation to a maintained load, the original form is regained after the load is removed

Answer 20

creep

Question 21

what is creep a characteristic of ?

Answer 21

viscoelasticity

Question 22

______: failure, tearing & diruption of CT fibers (usually tendons, lig & other soft tis strucutres)

Answer 22

rupture

Question 23

______: tearing off of a bony attachment

Answer 23

avulsion

Question 24

_____: a failure of bony tiss

Answer 24

fracture

Question 25

Grade ____ sprain: only a few fibers are involved, good chance of tissue recovery

Answer 25

Grade I

Question 26

Grade ___ sprain: more fibers involved & partial tearing, does not completely recover

Answer 26

Grade II

Question 27

Grade ____ sprain: complete rupture; no change of recovery; possible bone involvement

Answer 27

Grade III

Question 28

A joint sprain is a ___ injury

Answer 28

ligament

Question 29

____tiss - can withstand sig greater compressive forces than tensile forces before failure

Answer 29

bone

Question 30

bone can withstand greater ____ forces then ____ forces

Answer 30

compressive forces, tensile forces

Question 31

Tendons have good ___ strength

Answer 31

tensile

Question 32

_____ is a reduction in tensil forces of tendons

Answer 32

immobilization

Question 33

_______ of tendons can lead to atrophy

Answer 33

immobilization

Question 34

atrophy of the tendons is most common at the _______

Answer 34

musculotendonous junction (MTJ)

Question 35

_____ can handle less tensile strength but can handle a wide range of load directions better than tendons

Answer 35

ligament

Question 36

ligaments can handle less _______ byt can handle a wide range of _____

Answer 36

less tensile strength , load directions

Question 37

recovery time for a tendon who has been immobilized

Answer 37

up to a year

Question 38

cartilage responds well to __ forces

Answer 38

compressive

Question 39

Why does cartilage recover rapidly?

Answer 39

due to fluid exudation and inhibitions

Question 40

___: connect bony components using fibrous or cartiaginous CT

Answer 40

synarthroses

Question 41

___: cranial sutures, gomphoses and symdesmosis

Answer 41

fibrous

Question 42

_____ are interosseous membranes

Answer 42

symdesmosis

Question 43

___ types are pubic symbsis , IVDS and areas of bone growth

Answer 43

cartiaginous

Question 44

___: areas of bone growth

Answer 44

synchondrosis

Question 45

_____: connect bony surfaces indirectly by means of a joint capsule

Answer 45

diarthroses

Question 46

___ are surrounded by jt capsules

Answer 46

synovial joints

Question 47

_____ axial- motion occurs in one plane and around a single axis of rotation

Answer 47

uniaxial

Question 48

uniaxial occur in _____ plane

Answer 48

one

Question 49

uniaxial occur around how many planes of rotation

Answer 49

one

Question 50

example of a hinge jt

Answer 50

finger , elbow

Question 51

example of a pivot jt

Answer 51

atlantoaxial jt

Question 52

what are two uniaxial joints

Answer 52

hinge and pivot

Question 53

___- motion occurs in two plants and around two axis of rotation

Answer 53

biaxial

Question 54

ow many degrees of freedom does biaxial have

Answer 54

2

Question 55

__ jt- has 1 concave and 1 convex surface that slide over each other in 2 directions

Answer 55

condyloid joints

Question 56

Give two examples of a condyloid jt

Answer 56

MCP and occipital condyles

Question 57

____ jt : each joint surface is both concave in one plane and convex in anther

Answer 57

saddle

Question 58

have and example of a saddle jt

Answer 58

thumb

Question 59

name two biaxial joints

Answer 59

condyloid and saddle

Question 60

___- motion is in three planes and around three axes of rotation

Answer 60

triaxial

Question 61

name two triaxial joints

Answer 61

plane joint and ball-and-socket

Question 62

another name for triaxial

Answer 62

multiaxial

Question 63

______ joint - permit gliding in several directions

Answer 63

plane joint

Question 64

give two examples of a plane joint

Answer 64

carpel and tarsel

Question 65

_____- allows for Flex/Ext. abd/add and rotation in combo of each other

Answer 65

ball and socket

Question 66

give two examples of a ball and socket jt

Answer 66

hip and GH joing

Question 67

what jts can be affected if flexion of the knee occurs in an open chain

Answer 67

hip flex , dorsifexion of the ankle

Question 68

_______ the amt of motion allowed by active voluntary movement by skeletal muscle contraction

Answer 68

active ROM

Question 69

_____ the amt of motion allowed by passively moving a joint pass its active rom

Answer 69

pass ROM

Question 70

_____ the springiness allowed by the soft tiss at the end of passive rom

Answer 70

end feel

Question 71

another name for normal ROM

Answer 71

anatomic ROM , physiologic ROM

Question 72

name four determining factors of anatomic ROM

Answer 72

1. joint shape 2. joint capsule/ lig 3. muscle/ tendon 4. surrounding structures

Question 73

name three arthrokinematic motions

Answer 73

1. roll 2. slide 3. spin

Question 74

____ is the motion of one joint surface relative to the one adjacent

Answer 74

arthrokinematics

Question 75

in close pack position lig and capsues are maximally _____

Answer 75

taut

Question 76

what is the position that the jt is at its greatest stability

Answer 76

close pack

Question 77

position where the jt has max amt of jt play

Answer 77

loose pack