Spine and Spinal Pathologies

Question 1

Lordotic

Answer 1

Cervical and lumbar

Question 2

Vertebrobasilar Insufficency

Answer 2

Cervical Spine has 20% of blood supply to the brain.

Caution when; ranging the neck and positioning.

Question 3

What are the functions of the spine

Answer 3

Stable base

Protection

Weight disturbing

Posture

Question 4

Spinal Motions

Answer 4

Flexion

Extension

Lateral Flexion

Rotation

Question 5

Kyphotic

Answer 5

Thoracic, sacral and coccyx.

Question 6

What potion of the spine we are born with?

Answer 6

Kyphotic (Thoracic)

Question 7

Torticollis

Answer 7

SCM tightness- cervical spine side bents toward muscle and rotated away.

Most cases resolve with minimal intervention.

Most cases are soon after birth

Some require bracing or surgery.

Question 8

What are some contradictions/precautions for Torticollis?

Answer 8

NO ROM

Splinting

Question 9

Spinal Stenosis (Myelopathy).

Answer 9

Impingement of the spinal cord.

CNS injury - different symptoms and healing potential than PNS.

Question 10

Spinal Stenosis (Radiculopathy)

Answer 10

Impingement of one or more nerve roots.

PNS injury - however, still ay not heal as the anatomy is different here.

Question 11

If spinal stenosis is advanced enough it requires?

Answer 11

Laminectomy or fusion.

Question 12

Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the causes ?

Answer 12

Acute trauma, most common is a osteoporosis.

Question 13

Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the results?

Answer 13

Explosion of vertebral body

Question 14

Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. What are the Precautions/Contradictions ?

Answer 14

No bending, No twisting, No lifting (BLT).

Question 15

Compression Fractures and Kyphosis. Is highly related to?

Answer 15

Osteoporosis

Question 16

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Answer 16

Inflammation of the junction and related structures.

Creation of bone that looks like Bamboo spine.

Loss of ROM

Usually in young man

Fusion of the spine structures.

Question 17

Spondylosis

Answer 17

Degenerative changes of the spine (arthritis).

Question 18

Spondylolysis

Answer 18

Is a spine stress fracture of parts of interarticularis

Question 19

spondylolisthesis

Answer 19

Slippage of one vertebra over another.

Usually happens at the Lumbar/sacral region.

Question 20

What are the functions of the spine?

Answer 20

To protect the spine cord and internal organs and for posture, stability and movement.

Question 21

What is the function of the vertebral body?

Answer 21

It is a weight-bearing structure.

Question 22

Why do vertebral bodies get larger as you go from the cervical spine down to the lumbar spine?

Answer 22

Because more weight is distributed into the lumbar vertebrae than the cervical vertebrae

Question 23

What is the function of the pedicles and where are they?

Answer 23

To connect the vertebral body to the rest of the vertebra, and to distribute forces from the posterior portions of the vertebra into the vertebral body.

Question 24

Who many costal facets does the T5 vertebral have?

Answer 24

Three on each side for a total of 6

Question 25

What are the true ribs, and what does that mea?

Answer 25

Ribs 1 to 7, they have a direct connection to the sternum via costal cartilage.

Question 26

Which are the false ribs, and what does that mea?

Answer 26

Ribs 8-10 share a costal cartilage with the ribs above.

Question 27

Which are the floating ribs, and what does that mean?

Answer 27

Ribs 11 and 12 do not connect to the sternum or costal cartilage.

Question 28

Which spinal curves are primary?

Answer 28

The kyphotic curves. Thoracic and sacral

Question 29

Why is our spine curved rather than in a vertical stack like blocks?

Answer 29

It is better able to absorb forces that way and is more flexible for movement.

Question 30

Where are the stress risers in the spine? why there?

Answer 30

C7-T1, T12-L1, L5-S1. They are transition points between mobile segments and stable segments so the risk of increased shearing forces and injury there.

Question 31

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 31

Anterior to the vertebral bodies. It resists extension

Question 32

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 32

Anterior to the vertebral bodies. Resists flexion

Question 33

Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 33

Between the lamina of the vertebra (above and below_ and resists flexion

Question 34

Interspinous Ligament

Answer 34

Between spinous processes and resists flexion

Question 35

Supraspinous Ligament

Answer 35

Posterior to and along the tips of the spinous processes and resists flexion

Question 36

Intertransverse Ligament

Answer 36

Between transverse processes and resists side-bending.

Question 37

What spinal motion puts the most strain on the IV discs?

Answer 37

Flexion. Especially with weight bearing.

Question 38

Which two motions are most likely to put pressure on the vertebral arteries?

Answer 38

Extension and rotation

Question 39

Which vertebrae is rib 7 attached to and how?

Answer 39

T6 at the inferior portion of the vertebral body, and T7 at the superior portion of the vertebral body as well as transverse process.

Question 40

Spondylolisthesis?

Answer 40

One vertebra moving anteriorly over another. Creating lack of alignment. Can put pressure on the spinal cord or cauda equina.

Question 41

Which region of the spine has the most available motion?

Answer 41

Cervical

Question 42

Which set of vertebrae can get the most rotation?

Answer 42

C1 on C2

Question 43

What motion is the lumbar spine most capable of?

Answer 43

Flexion/extension

Question 44

What is the function of the erector spinae muscle and how are they arranged?

Answer 44

Extension of the spine. IIiocostalis is the outermost away from the spinous processes? Longissimus and spinalis closest to the spinous processes (most medial).