Spirachetes

Question 1

Spirachete are gram…?
Aerobic or anaerobic?
Thin or thick?
what shape?

Answer 1

Negative
Anaerobic
Thin
Spiral

Question 2

Have many plasmids and their genome …. varies

Answer 2

Size

Question 3

How can Spirachetes be viewed?

Answer 3

Dark or electron microscopy

Question 4

What makes their motility unique

Answer 4

Internal flagella

Question 5

They are difficult to grow, or can be unculturable e.g.?

Answer 5

Treponema pallidium (Syphilis)

Question 6

lab diagnosis of spirachetes

Answer 6

serological or immunofluorescence

Question 7

Recognised by their ….. and identified by

Answer 7

cell shape

16s rRNA

Question 8

Spirachetes are defined by their

Answer 8

Internal membrane and no LPS its cell wall

Question 9

Spirachetes have a cell wall component that can alter immune response, called a …?

Answer 9

Major sheath protein MSP

Question 10

Spirochaetes Leptospira causes

Answer 10

Leptospirosis and Weils disease

Question 11

Spirochaetes Borrelia causes

Answer 11

Lymes disease or relapsing fever

Question 12

Spirachates Treponema causes

Answer 12

Syphilis, ANUG and periodontal disease

Question 13

What is an example of Zoonotic infections

Answer 13

Lyme disease and Weil’s disease

Question 14

Which organism causes Leptospirosis and Weils disease

Answer 14

Leptospira Interrogans

Question 15

Leptospira interrgans is present in

And enters the body by

Answer 15

Stagnant water and rivers and infects many mammals. Enters the body via broken skin
Occurs in walkers or triathletes

Question 16

What are the symptoms of Leptospirosis

What are the complications

Answer 16

Febrile, flu-like with muscle pain, reddening of eyes and diarrhoea
Can cause meningitis and haemorrhage in aqueous humour of eye
10-15% will lead to kidney failure, liver failure and jaundice

Question 17

How do we tell if Leptospirosis has progressed to Weils disease

Answer 17

Kidney failure, liver failure and Jaundice

Question 18

Prevention of Leptospirosis and Weils disease and tx

Answer 18

Don’t swim in infected rivers
Doxycycline (long course of antibiotics
Rodent control

Question 19

What causes Lyme disease

Answer 19

Borelli Burgdoferi

Question 20

How can Borrelli Burgdoferri be seen

Answer 20

Electron and dark field microscopy

Question 21

Have an animal reservoir of Ecoparasites (Deer, Rodents and birds)

Answer 21

Borelli Burgdoferi

Ticks bite the animal, and then bite you

Question 22

Acute stage of Lyme’s disease symptoms

Answer 22

flu-like symptoms
Erythema migrans- rash
Characteristic bulleye shape

Question 23

Late stage of Lyme’s disease symptoms

Answer 23

Neuro: meningitis, encephalitis, peripheral neuropathy, facial cranial-nerve palsy, vision impairment
Cardiac: blockages, myocarditis
Arthalgia (joint pain) and arthritis often has an autoimmune component (OspA reactive to surface proteins)

Question 24

Virulence factors of Lymes disease

Answer 24

Motility
Invade epithelial cells and many tissue types
Doesn’t contain LPS
Variable surface proteins- antigenic shift
Host mimicry (Decorin binding protein A - DbpA)
Can cope with iron levels by using manganese

Question 25

Prevention of Lyme's disease and tx

Answer 25

``` OspA vaccine (partly effective) Avoid endemic areas, where clothing and DEET Doxycycline ```

Question 26

Relapsing fever is caused by

Answer 26

Borrelia Recurrentis: via ticks and louse | Get 3-10 episodes due to antigenic shift

Question 27

What is acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis ANUG caused by Tx

Answer 27

Treponoma Vincentii Metronidazole: or Hydrogen peroxide washes

Question 28

What are the 3 red complex organisms that cuase PD

Answer 28

Porphyromonas gingivalis Tannerella forsythia Treponema Denticola

Question 29

What are Treponoma Denticola virulence factors

Answer 29

Proteases (CTLP Chymotrypisin Like proteases) Sialidases Motility Co-adherence others in biofilm

Question 30

Other Treponomal disease includes

Answer 30

YAWS (T.pertenue) | PINTA (T. Carateum)