Spirochetes

Question 1

What are the two families of Spirochaetales?

Answer 1

Leptospiraceae
Spirochaetaceae

Question 2

What is the epidemiology of Spirochetes?

Answer 2

Zoonotic (transfer through animals)
Excreted in urine
Survive for months in water

Question 3

What specimen should be collected for Spirochetes?

Answer 3

Blood
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 4

What kind of antibodies can we detect in serological testing of Spirochetes?

Answer 4

IgM (Within 1 week)
IgG (A month or more)

Question 5

What have Leptospires been shown to be susceptible to?

Answer 5

Streptomycin
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Macrolide antimicrobials

Question 7

What organism causes Lyme disease?

Answer 7

Borreliae burgdorferi

Question 8

What is the causative agent of syphilis?

Answer 8

T. pallidum subsp. pallidum
Easily seen using dark field microscopy

Question 10

How is T. pallidum disseminated?

Answer 10

Through the body and organ systems
10-90 day incubation

Question 12

What can only be detected through serology and has an early and late latent phase?

Answer 12

Latent Syphilis
Early latent: <= 1 year, infectious
Late latent: >= 1 year, no symptoms

Question 13

What is known as the tissue destructive phase that appears 10-25 years after the initial infection?

Answer 13

Tertiary (Late) Syphilis
35% of untreated patients

Question 14

What is congenital syphilis characterized by?

Answer 14

Intrauterine infections
Lesions, Anemia, hepatosplenomegaly
Tertiary manifestations

Question 15

What do we see when Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) is mixed with a positive serum?

Answer 15

Black carbon particles bind to cardiolipin and mix with patient sera

Question 16

What happens after 24 hours of infection with chlamydia?

Answer 16

Dividing organisms begin reorganizing into infective Elementary bodies

Question 17

What happens at the 35-40 hour mark of infection with chlamydia?

Answer 17

The disrupted host cell dies, releasing new EB’s that can infect other host cells, continuing the cycle

Question 18

How can chlamydia be transmitted?

Answer 18

Hand to eye
Sexual

Question 19

What are the clinical manifestations of C. trachomatis?

Answer 19

Trachoma
Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

Question 20

What are the other Urogenital diseases in men?

Answer 20

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
Epididymitis
Prostatitis

Question 21

What are the methods we can cytologically examine Chlamidia?

Answer 21

Direct Fluorescent antibody (DFA)
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
Nucleic acid Amplification Test (NAAT)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
SDA
TMA

Question 22

What are the three groups Rickettsia can be grouped into based on clinical INFECTIONS?

Answer 22

Typhus group
Spotted fever group
Transitional group
(Considered potential bioterror agents)

Question 23

What three groups can Rickettsia be divided into based on clinical MANIFESTATIONS?

Answer 23

Scrub Typhus group
Typhus group
Spotted fever group

Question 24

What does Rickettsia rickettsia cause?

Answer 24

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)