Spirochetes/Other loser bacteria Flashcards
(37 cards)
Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains; non-culturable
Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
(1) Transmitted by direct contact with infectious lesion (chancre)
(2) Primary ____ – onset of symptoms 10-90 days (avg 21)
(a) Chancre – painless, small round, firm
(b) Lasts 3-6 weeks; “heals” w/o treatment
Syphilis
Small, round, firm, painless
“heals” w/o treatment
Chancre in primary syphilis
rash over wide area occurs 1-6 mos later if not treated
Secondary syphilis - treponema pallidum
If not treated, mutli-organ involvement…
tertiary syphilis - treponema pallidum
(1) Transmitted by direct contact with infectious lesion (chancre)
(2) Primary ___ – onset of symptoms 10-90 days (avg 21)
(a) Chancre – painless, small round, firm
(b) Lasts 3-6 weeks; “heals” w/o treatment
(3) Secondary ____ – rash over wide area occurs 1-6 mos later if not treated
(4) Tertiary ___ – multi-organ – if not treated
Syphilis
Identify by antigen-detection methods [RPR] or dark field microscopic exam of lesion fluid (depends on the stage of disease)?
Immunofluorescent microscopy
Syphilis
a. Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains
b. Causes Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
c. Transmission: Tick-borne (esp. deer tick) – bite; prolonged association (24+ hr)
Lyme Diseas - Borrelia burgdorferi
Clinical: Early stages asymptomatic & difficult to differentiate
(1) Skin lesion - red macule/papule > 5 cm (erythema migrans)
(2) Neurologic & cardiac involvement – encephalitis, facial palsy, etc.
Lyme Disease - Borrelia burgdorferi
Erythema migrans?
Encephalitis/facial palsy?
Borrelia burgdoferi
Could present with arthralgias or be mistaken as an autoimmune disease or a fibriomyalgia?
Brain fog?
(from lecture - not .pdf)
Lyme disease - borrelia burgdoferi
Red macule/papule > 5 cm?
erythema migrans - Lyme disease - borrelia burgdoferi
a. Spirochete; non-staining by normal stains
b. Causes Leptospirosis
Leptospira interrogans
Transmission: skin contact with urine of infected animals (e.g. rats, swine, badgers, rodents, deer, fox); especially via contaminated water (or moist soil)
CAN ACTIVELY PENETRATE THE SKIN
Leptospira interrogans
Clinical: Fever, headache, myalgia, chills, conjunctival involvement –> renal and liver failure
Leptospirosis - Leptospira interrogans
Can present with erythematous patches on skin OR be asymptomatic for a few weeks (before reaching liver/kidney)
Leptospira interrogans
Gram-negative bacilli (related to Pseudomonas)
Safety pin appearance
2/3 of spp are biological threat agent
Burkholderia spp
(1) Causes Melioidosis (mel-ee’-oy-doe’-sis) - especially persons with pre-existing major illness
(2) Endemic in Southeast Asia, N. Australia, & South Pacific (~165,000 cases per year; 89,000 deaths) – Reservoir in various animals
(3) Transmitted by direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water
B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent
Melioidosis?
B. pseudomallei
(2) Endemic in Southeast Asia, N. Australia, & South Pacific (~165,000 cases per year; 89,000 deaths) – Reservoir in various animals
(3) Transmitted by direct contact with contaminated soil and surface water
B. pseudomallei
(4) Causes acute PULMONARY infection; acute localized infection (ulcer/nodule/abscess), septicemia, multiple organ involvement
(a) Symptoms often appear 2-4 weeks after exposure
(b) May be subclinical and/or delayed (years)
B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent
(a) Causes Glanders - disease of horses (equine) (highly communicable); rarely humans; Causes nasal mucus discharge, lung lesions
(b) Endemic to parts of Africa, Asia, Middle East, & S. America (eradicated from N. America & Europe)
B. mallei is very closely related to B. pseudomallei – Biological threat agent
(c) Transmitted from animals to humans (RARELY) via contact with blood and body fluids into skin abrasions or mucosal surfaces (not environmental sources)
- Affects lungs & airways; causes septicemia, cutaneous lesions, liver, spleen, fever
- Fatality rate 95% in untreated; 50% in treated
B. mallei - Biological threat agent
