spoken language features

Question 1

speech is normally

Answer 1

spontaneous communication

Question 2

TRP

Answer 2

transition relevance place - point at which a speaker might start speaking. look for cues from speaker

Question 3

TCU

Answer 3

turn construction unit - segment of speech

Question 4

co operative adjacency pairs

Answer 4

pairs that go together, generally required to keep conversation going

Question 5

compliment

Answer 5

acceptance

Question 6

request

Answer 6

acceptance

Question 7

warning

Answer 7

acknowledgement

Question 8

query

Answer 8

response

Question 9

greeting

Answer 9

response

Question 10

opener

Answer 10

open a convo

Question 11

self related comment

Answer 11

about oneself

Question 12

other related comment

Answer 12

about someone else

Question 13

neutral comment

Answer 13

something neutral in surroundings

Question 14

closer

Answer 14

finishes convo

Question 15

framing

Answer 15

controlling a convo or utterance which encourages speaker to fill gaps

Question 16

topic management

Answer 16

how topics are organised

Question 17

backchannelling

Answer 17

utterances which support and encourage another speaker/show attention

Question 18

vocatives

Answer 18

use of someones name for direct address

Question 19

Brown and Levinson (1987)

Answer 19

politness theory

Question 20

bald on record

Answer 20

direct way of saying things e.g. get out

Question 21

off record

Answer 21

indirect e.g. I have a headache rather than do you have any pain killers

Question 22

positive face

Answer 22

individuals desire to be liked and admired

Question 23

negative face

Answer 23

desire to protect personal rights such as freedom of speech

Question 24

face threatening acts

Answer 24

communication can damage a persons sense of face or affect the needs and desires of someone’s positive or negative face

Question 25

positive politeness

Answer 25

appealing to a persons positive face to make them feel better about themselves

Question 26

negative politeness

Answer 26

making another person feel like they have not been imposed upon or taken advantage of

Question 27

Grice's maxims

Answer 27

quantity - as informative as possible and give as much info is needed quality - truthfulness relation - relevant and says things pertinent to the discussion manner - clear, brief, orderly to avoid confusion

Question 28

accommodation (Grice 1970s)

Answer 28

how speakers adapt language when talking to others through changes to lexis, pace, intonation, paralinguistic features

Question 29

convergence

Answer 29

to allow co operation

Question 30

upward convergence

Answer 30

more formal standard English

Question 31

downward convergence

Answer 31

more informal, colloquial

Question 32

over accommodation

Answer 32

attempt to overdo efforts in regulating. modifying or responding to others

Question 33

dialect

Answer 33

non standard variety of English particular to a region

Question 34

sociolect

Answer 34

variety of language characteristics of a social group

Question 35

idiolect

Answer 35

own individual way of speaking, influenced by range of extra linguistic variables

Question 36

paralinguistic features

Answer 36

body language

Question 37

phatic talk

Answer 37

small talk to maintain personal relationships

Question 38

pragmatics

Answer 38

how context contributes to meaning

Question 39

prosodic features

Answer 39

includes features such as stress, pitch, tempo, rhythm

Question 40

repairs

Answer 40

alteration made to correct/clarify