spoken terminology

Question 1

Grice’s conversational maxims

Answer 1

• maxim of quantity= not staying too much or too little.
• maxim of quality= speaking the truth.
• maxim of relevance= staying relevant to the topic.
• maxim of manner= bring clear and avoiding ambiguity.

Question 2

positive face needs

Answer 2

a universal human need to feel valued and appreciated.

Question 3

negative face needs

Answer 3

a universal human need to feel independent and not imposed upon.

Question 4

face threatening act

Answer 4

a speech act that has the potential to damage someone’s face needs.

Question 5

politeness strategy

Answer 5

ways people speak/act to avoid threatening someone’s face need.

Question 6

internal evaluation

Answer 6

an expression of attitude towards the events in a spoken narrative that occur in the same time frame as the main action.

Question 7

turn taking

Answer 7

the process by which speakers co-construct conversation.

Question 8

adjacency pair

Answer 8

the structure of people taking turns- one responding to the other.

Question 9

preferred response

Answer 9

second part of an adjacency pair that fits with what the first speaker wants the response to be.

Question 10

dispreffered response

Answer 10

a second part of a adjacency pair that doesn’t fit with what the first speaker wants the response to be.

Question 11

insertion sequence

Answer 11

an additional sequence between the two parts of an adjacency pair.

Question 12

transition relevance place

Answer 12

a point where it is natural for another speaker to take a turn.

Question 13

constraint

Answer 13

the influence of a more powerful speaker on another speaker.

Question 14

filler

Answer 14

non-verbal sound that acts as a pause (eg. erm, er).

Question 15

false start

Answer 15

when a speaker begins to speak, stops, then starts again.

Question 16

repair

Answer 16

when a speaker corrects an aspect of what they have said.

Question 17

skip connector

Answer 17

a word or phrase that returns to the conversation of a previous topic.

Question 18

ellipsis

Answer 18

the omission of words for economical purposes/ context means the other person will understand.

Question 19

speaker support

Answer 19

words/ phrases (verbal and non-verbal) that show attention to agreement- (eg. mmm, yeah, okay).

Question 20

prosodic feature

Answer 20

emphasis on certain words- pitch, tone.

Question 21

paralinguistic feature

Answer 21

features beyond the words- facial expression/ body language/ action.

Question 22

accent

Answer 22

manipulating language phonologically to create an accent.

Question 23

dialect

Answer 23

words/ phrases related to age/ geography.

Question 24

idiolect

Answer 24

an individual’s way of sparking.

Question 25

convergence

Answer 25

an individual changes their language to be similar to another. it is either upwards (language gets better) or downwards (language gets worse).

Question 26

asynchronous interaction (blog term)

Answer 26

interaction between discourse participants that involves delays between turns that they take.

Question 27

synchronous interaction (blog term)

Answer 27

interaction that takes place in real time.

Question 28

discussion forum (blog term)

Answer 28

the online environment where members of a community can communicate with each other by posting messages and responding to those others.

Question 29

code switching (blog term)

Answer 29

going from one language into another over the course of the same interaction.

Question 30

taciturn (adjective)

Answer 30

(of a person) reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little.