Sporozoa

Question 1

Known species

Answer 1

I. Plasmodium Vivax
II. Plasmodium Ovale
III. Plasmodium Malariae
IV. Plasmodium Falciparum 
V. Plasmodium Knowlesi

Question 2

Vector for Plasmodium spp

Answer 2

Female anopheles mosquito, via skin inoculation

Question 3

Locomotion for Plasmodium spp?

Answer 3

No definite organ for locomotion

Question 4

Intraerythrocytic parasites

Answer 4

embedded in RBC

Question 5

Two life cycles of Plasmodium spp?

Answer 5

I. Sexual Phase

II. Asexual Phase

Question 6

Host for Plasmodium spp?

Answer 6

I. Requires two hosts

II. Other MOT: Transplacental Blood Transfusion

Question 7

What initially develops in hepatic cells?

Answer 7

Cryptozoite

Question 8

Vegetative state containing 1 nucleus and develops within RBC?

Answer 8

Trophozoite (Ring)

Question 9

Trophozoite which the nucleus has divided

Answer 9

Schizont

Question 10

Cell resulting from the final division of schizont or cryptozoite

Answer 10

Morozoite

Question 10

Cell resulting from the final division of schizont or cryptozoite

Answer 10

Morozoite

Question 11

Dormant stage that persist in liver or hepatic cells (Only in Falciparum and Ovale)

Answer 11

Hypnozoite

Question 12

Sexual differentiated but immature cells

Answer 12

Gametocyte

Question 13

Paroxysm for P. vivax?

Answer 13

48 hours

Question 14

Paroxysm for P. ovale?

Answer 14

48 hours

Question 15

Paroxysm for P. malariae?

Answer 15

72 hours

Question 16

Paroxysm for Falciparum?

Answer 16

36-48 hours

Question 17

Plasmodium Vivax
I. Benign Tertian Malaria (2-day interval)
II. _____ Malaria
III. In Ring form: The parasite may be seen to be ______-shaped mass at the outer edge of ____, in location known as _____ or applique
IV. All morphologic forms can be seen in _____ Blood
V. Infects the young and immature cells
VI. Infected RBC’s are _____ and distorted

Answer 17

I. Benign Tertian Malaria (2-day interval)
II. Vivax Malaria
III. In Ring form: The parasite may be seen to be crescent-shaped mass at the outer edge of RBC, in location known as accole or applique
IV. All morphologic forms can be seen in Peripheral Blood
V. Infects the young and immature cells
VI. Infected RBC’s are enlarged and distorted

Question 18

Plasmodium Ovale
I. Benign Tertian Malaria (___-day interval)
II. ____ Malaria
III. Infects the ____ and immature cells
IV. Infected RBC’s appeared to be oval, enlarged, and _____ with ragged cell walls
V. All morphologic forms can be seen in peripheral blood

Answer 18

I. Benign Tertian Malaria (2-day interval)
II. Ovale Malaria
III. Infects the young and immature cells
IV. Infected RBC’s appeared to be oval, enlarged, and distorted with ragged cell walls
V. All morphologic forms can be seen in peripheral blood

Question 19

Plasmodium Malariae
I. ____ Malaria (3-day Interval)
II. ______ Malaria
III. Developing trophozoites, immature, and mature schizonts can be seen in peripheral blood
IV. Infects mature cells à Old/Senescent RBC’s
V. Infected RBC’s appeared to be ____, no distortion in their size

Answer 19

I. Quartan Malaria (3-day Interval)
II. Malarial Malaria
III. Developing trophozoites, immature, and mature schizonts can be seen in peripheral blood
IV. Infects mature cells à Old/Senescent RBC’s
V. Infected RBC’s appeared to be normal, no distortion in their size

Question 20

Plasmodium Falciparum
I. Causes:
-\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ Fever
-Malignant Tertian Malaria (\_\_-day interval) 
- Aestivoautumnal Malarial
- Subtertian Malaria
- Falciparum Malarial
II. Peripheral Blood:
Mild to moderate infection: \_\_\_\_\_ forms and Gametocyte 
Severe infection: Trophozoite and \_\_\_\_\_\_
III. May infect \_\_\_\_\_ of all ages
IV. Infected RBC’s are normal in size, no distortion

Answer 20

I. Causes:
-Black Water Fever
-Malignant Tertian Malaria (2 day interval)
- Aestivoautumnal Malarial
- Subtertian Malaria
- Falciparum Malarial
II. Peripheral Blood:
Mild to moderate infection: Ring forms and Gametocyte –Severe infection: Trophozoite and Schizont
III. May infect cells of all ages
IV. Infected RBC’s are normal in size, no distortion

Question 21

Plasmodium Knowlesi
I. Parasite of _____ _____ Monkeys
II. Recently identified in humans suffering from malaria in Malaysia
III. Morphologically similar to P. _____ and P. Falciparum

Answer 21

I. Parasite of Old World Monkeys
II. Recently identified in humans suffering from malaria in Malaysia
III. Morphologically similar to P. Malariae and P. Falciparum

Question 22

What is the ring structure of P. vivax?
I. Has delicate cytoplasmic \_\_\_\_\_
II. Cytoplasmic Granules: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Dots
III. Single Chromatin Dot
IV. Ring surrounds a vacuole
V. Accole possibly forms

Answer 22

I. Has delicate cytoplasmic ring
II. Cytoplasmic Granules: Schuffner’s Dots
III. Single Chromatin Dot
IV. Ring surrounds a vacuole
V. Accole possibly forms

Question 23

What is the morphologic form of the developing trophozoite in P. vivax?
I. Has an _______ amoeboid appearance
II. Ring remnants common
III. _______, large chromatin dot is present
IV. _______
(Remnant of the parasite) becomes apparent in the cytoplasm. (Increases visibility)

Answer 23

I. Has an irregular amoeboid appearance
II. Ring remnants common
III. Single, large chromatin dot is present
IV. Hemozoin
(Remnant of the parasite) becomes apparent in the cytoplasm. (Increases visibility)

Question 24

Schizont fot P. vivax? I. Immature: -Has multiple chromatin bodies; often contains clumps of ______ pigment -Cytoplasmic material is present and often contains clumps of ________ II. Mature: -12-24 ______ occupy the RBC, making it hard to distinguish the RBC -Brown pigment may be present

Answer 24

I. Immature: -Has multiple chromatin bodies; often contains clumps of brown pigment -Cytoplasmic material is present and often contains clumps of hemozoin II. Mature: -12-24 merozoites occupy the RBC, making it hard to distinguish the RBC -Brown pigment may be present

Question 25

Microgametocyte for P. vivax? I. Has a large _____ to purple chromatin (With Giemsa Stain) II. Mass surrounded by _______ to pale halo III. Even distributed cytoplasmic hemozoin is usually visible

Answer 25

I. Has a large pink to purple chromatin (With Giemsa Stain) II. Mass surrounded by colorless to pale halo III. Even distributed cytoplasmic hemozoin is usually visible

Question 26

``` Macrogametocyte for P. vivax I. _____ pigment is common II. Has round to ____ cytoplasm III. _____ Chromatin Mass IV. Has a delicate light brown pigment ```

Answer 26

I. Brown pigment is common II. Has round to oval cytoplasm III. Eccentric Chromatin Mass IV. Has a delicate light brown pigment

Question 27

Ring form of P. ovale? I. Most similar in P. _____ II. Ring is larger and _____ than P. vivax III. Ring is has more _____ appearance than the ring in P. vivax IV. Cytoplasmic Granules: ______ dots / James Dots (Often larger and darker than P.Vivax)

Answer 27

I. Most similar in P. vivax II. Ring is larger and thicker than P. vivax III. Ring is has more ameboid appearance than the ring in P. vivax IV. Cytoplasmic Granules: Schuffner’s dots / James Dots (Often larger and darker than P.Vivax)

Question 28

Trophozoite of P. ovale? I. Maintains its _____ appearance as it matures II. The amoeboid tendencies common are less evident than P. vivax

Answer 28

I. Maintains its ring appearance as it matures | II. The amoeboid tendencies common are less evident than P. vivax

Question 29

Schizont of P. ovale? I. Immature: -Progressive dividing chromatin material surrounded by cytoplasmic material, often maintains a ______ shape II. Mature: -Characterized by a Rosette arrangement of merozoites (__-__) -Occupies 75% of the RBC

Answer 29

I. Immature: -Progressive dividing chromatin material surrounded by cytoplasmic material, often maintains a circular shape II. Mature: -Characterized by a Rosette arrangement of merozoites (8-14) -Occupies 75% of the RBC

Question 30

Microgametocyte of P. ovale?

Answer 30

Resembles mostly like P. Vivax but smaller

Question 31

Macrogametocyte for P. ovale?

Answer 31

Resembles mostly like P. Vivax but smaller

Question 32

``` Ring form of P. malariae? I. Cytoplasmic Granules: -______ dots -Smaller than P. ____ (Occupies 1/6 of the RBC) -Connected by a heavy chromatin dot -Vacuole may appear filled in ```

Answer 32

I. Cytoplasmic Granules: - Ziemann’s dots - Smaller than P. Vivax (Occupies 1/6 of the RBC) - Connected by a heavy chromatin dot - Vacuole may appear filled in

Question 33

Trophozoite of P. malariae? I. Non-amoeboid solid cytoplasm that may assume _____ to ____ shape II. Cytoplasm contains ____ _____ pigment, may mask chromatin material III. Vacuoles ______ in mature stages

Answer 33

I. Non-amoeboid solid cytoplasm that may assume roundish to bar shape II. Cytoplasm contains dark brown pigment, may mask chromatin material III. Vacuoles absent in mature stages

Question 34

Schizont of P. malariae I. Immature: -Similar to P. Vivax, only _____, may contain large and dark central granules II. Mature: -Has __-___ merozoites arranged in rosette or irregular clusters -Brown ____ pigment in central arrangement may be visible -Infected RBC may not be seen completely

Answer 34

I. Immature: -Similar to P. Vivax, only smaller, may contain large and dark central granules II. Mature: -Has 6-12 merozoites arranged in rosette or irregular clusters -Brown green pigment in central arrangement may be visible -Infected RBC may not be seen completely

Question 35

Microgametocyte of P. malariae? I. Similar to P. Vivax BUT pigment is usually ____ and coarser II. Older forms of microgametocytes are _____ in shape

Answer 35

I. Similar to P. Vivax BUT pigment is usually darker and coarser II. Older forms of microgametocytes are oval in shape

Question 36

Macrogametocyte of P. malariae? I. Resembles mostly of P. Vivax, as with P. Malariae microgametocyte. II. Darker and _____ III. _____ in shape

Answer 36

I. Resembles mostly of P. Vivax, as with P. Malariae microgametocyte. II. Darker and coarser III. Oval in shape

Question 37

``` Ring form of P. falciparum I. Consists of ____ cytoplasm connected to one or two chromatins (Circle Configuration - Headphone like) II. _____ vacuole usually visible III. ____ rings common IV. _____ forms possible (Slender) V. Cytoplasmic Granules: _______ dots ```

Answer 37

``` I. Consists of scanty cytoplasm connected to one or two chromatins (Circle Configuration - Headphone like) II. Small vacuole usually visible III. Multiple rings common IV. Accole forms possible (Slender) V. Cytoplasmic Granules: Maurer’s dots ```

Question 38

Trophozoite if P. falciparum? I. Heavy rings are common (__-__ rings) II. Fine pigment granules III. Mature forms only seen in severe infections

Answer 38

I. Heavy rings are common (1-2 rings) II. Fine pigment granules III. Mature forms only seen in severe infections

Question 39

Schizont of P. falciparum? I. Immature: -Has _____ chromatin bodies surrounded by cytoplasm -Only detected in severe infection II. Mature: -Typically consist of 8-36 merozoites in ______ arrangement

Answer 39

I. Immature: -Has multiple chromatin bodies surrounded by cytoplasm -Only detected in severe infection II. Mature: -Typically consist of 8-36 merozoites in cluster arrangement

Question 40

Microgametocyte of P. falciparum I. Has a ______- or crescent-shaped II. Dispersed central chromatin with nearby ____ pigment (visible)

Answer 40

I. Has a sausage- or crescent-shaped | II. Dispersed central chromatin with nearby black pigment (visible)

Question 41

Macrogametocyte of P. falciparum? I. Has a sausage- or crescent shaped II. ______ Chromatin III. Black pigment surrounding chromatin (visible)

Answer 41

I. Has a sausage- or crescent shaped II. Compact Chromatin III. Black pigment surrounding chromatin (visible)

Question 42

What are the laboratory diagnosis for Malaria? I. ______ and ____ Blood Smears (Peripheral) -Giemsa Stained -Wright’s Stained -Mixed Infections (Vivax and Falciparum) II. Collected, in best time, during episodes of ____ -Every __-12__ hours III. Serologic Tests -Malarial RDT’s -Immunochromatographic method in detecting Plasmodium specific antigens (Antigens: HRPII, pLDH) -Can be performed without electricity, special equipment, training -Most kits have 90% specificity IV. PCR

Answer 42

I. Thick and Thin Blood Smears (Peripheral) -Giemsa Stained -Wright’s Stained -Mixed Infections (Vivax and Falciparum) II. Collected, in best time, during episodes of paroxysms -Every 6-12 hours III. Serologic Tests -Malarial RDT’s -Immunochromatographic method in detecting Plasmodium specific antigens (Antigens: HRPII, pLDH) -Can be performed without electricity, special equipment, training -Most kits have 90% specificity IV. PCR

Question 43

What are the characteristics of Babesia species? I. Parasites of domestic and ____ animals II. ______ are accidental host III. Associated with: -____ Cattle Fever -Red _____ Fever IV. Most babesial organisms: -B. ______ -B. ______ V. Lab Diagnosis -Giemsa stained blood film (intraerythrocytic parasites)

Answer 43

``` I. Parasites of domestic and wild animals II. Humans are accidental host III. Associated with: -Texas Cattle Fever -Red Water Fever IV. Most babesial organisms: -B. Microti -B. Divergens V. Lab Diagnosis -Giemsa stained blood film (intraerythrocytic parasites) ```

Question 44

What are the two Babesia species?

Answer 44

I. Babesia microti | II. Babesia divergens

Question 45

Morphology for Babesia microti and Babesia divergens?

Answer 45

2 Forms: I. Trophozoite: Resembles the ring form of Plasmodium spp II. Merozoite: 4 trophozoites attached together by chromatin dots (Has a formation of Maltese cross)