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AQA A Level PE > Sport and Society (2) > Flashcards

Sport and Society (2) Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is physical recreation ?

A

The active aspect of leisure, that is voluntary and in a persons free time, and they have a choice over what they do

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of physical recreation ?

A

Available to all

Modified rules

Limited competition

Self officiated

Limited skill and fitness

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3
Q

What are the induvial benefits of physical recreation ?

A

Improved health and wellbeing

Learn new skills

Stress relief and relaxation

Meet new people and be social

Enjoyment, self fulfilment, non-serious

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4
Q

What are the societal benefits of physical recreation ?

A

Reduces strain on the NHS

Increased employment

Occupies individuals

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5
Q

What is physical education ?

A

Curriculum timetabled time, which is delivered to all, and consists of a broad range of activities and extends understandings beyond physical activity

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of physical education ?

A

School environment

Adapted rules

Limited competition

Teacher led

Range of skill/ ability

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7
Q

What are the benefits of physical education ?

A

Health and fitness

Teamwork

Problem solving

Sportsmanship

Respect for others

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8
Q

What is sport ?

A

Institutionalised competitive activities that involve exertion and are complex physical skills, and players are motivated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of sport ?

A

High level of organisation/ structure

Specialised kit and equipment

Strategies and tactics

Officials and formal rules

NGB’s

High level of competition

Commitment

Training and coaching

Sportsmanship

Media coverage

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10
Q

What are the benefits of sport ?

A

Health and fitness

Team work

Decision making

Problem solving

Rewards, fame, career

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11
Q

What is school sport ?

A

Structed learning that is beyond the curriculum, that takes place in school settings but is out of school hours and it forms a vital link with community sport

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of school sport ?

A

School environment

Adapted rules

Teacher led

Range of skill/ ability

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13
Q

What are the benefits of school sport ?

A

Health and fitness

Team work

Decision making

Problem solving

Responsibility

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14
Q

What is an amateur ?

A

Participation for the love of the sport and not monetary gains

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15
Q

What is sportsmanship ?

A

Fair and generous behaviour or treatment of others

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16
Q

What is gamesmanship ?

A

The art of winning games by using various ploys and tactics to gain a psychological advantage

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17
Q

What is the win ethic ?

A

A ‘win at all costs’ attitude, which may lead to deviant behaviour

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18
Q

What is deviancy ?

A

Behaviour that falls outside the norms or outside what is deemed to be acceptable

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19
Q

What is positive deviance ?

A

Behaviour outside the norms, but has no intention to harm or break the rules

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20
Q

What is negative deviance ?

A

Behaviour outside the norms, and has a detrimental effect on individuals and on society in general

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21
Q

How can we encourage sportsmanship ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Fair play schemes and campaigns

Positive role models

Better quality of officials and use of technology

Development of positive values early on in childhood

Encourage codes of conduct for player, spectators and clubs

22
Q

How can we discourage deviance ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Being booked/ fined

Points deducted/ clubs being fined

Games behind closed doors

Better qualified officials/ full-time officials

Increased use of technology (VAR)

Fair play awards

23
Q

What causes violent behaviour in players ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pressure from media

High expectation of supporters/ supporters behaviour

Financial rewards

Fear of losing contract

Retaliation due to foul play

Officials decision

Poor performance

Frustration

Learned behaviour

24
Q

What are the implications of violent behaviour in players ?

Study These Flashcards
A

Penalties/ bookings/ sending off

Players cited after games for fines/ bans

Club fined/ points deducted

Games played behind closed doors

Poor role models/ children copy idols

Poor reputation of the sport

Spectator violence

25
What are the strategies for violent behaviour in players ?
Training officials to deal with violence Match officials and their decisions are supported Punishing players post match Use of post match video evidence Good disciplinary record as role models Fair play awards
26
What are the causes of hooliganism ?
Provides entertainment Alcohol consumption To create social drama Triggered by on field events Provoked by the media
27
What are the implications of hooliganism ?
Pitch invasions Obscene chanting - arrests Foul language - banned from games Racism - arrested and banned Hooligan behaviours - prison sentences
28
What are the strategies for controlling hooliganism ?
Police presence / stewards Intelligence network - CCTV Laws - no pitch invasions Hooligans to be banned Community and female involvement Restrictions on alcohol Acts deemed 'offences' - throwing missiles/ racism High ticket prices More season ticket holders
29
Why do elite performers use illegal drugs ?
Pressure Money and fame Shortcut to success Other athletes are taking drugs - level the playing field 'Win at all costs' A lack of serious consequences I won't get caught To maintain a high standard Poor role models Improved performance Increase confidence
30
What are anabolic steroids, and who might take them ?
Illegal steroids that increase muscle mass and strength Power athletes - sprinters and power lifters or to put on weight to get into certain weight classes
31
Why are anabolic steroids used in sport ?
Improved performance Enhanced muscle Improved training length Improved recovery time Increased aggression
32
What are the side effects of anabolic steroids ?
Acne Infertility Hypertension Heart attack/ stroke Depression Addiction Paranoia
33
What is erythropoietin (EPO), and who might use it ?
EPO stimulates the production of red blood cells in bone marrow, increasing red blood cell content and aerobic capacity Endurance athletes
34
Why is erythropoietin (EPO) used in sport ?
Increases aerobic capacity Increases performers chance of winning leading to financial gain Reduces fatigue - train for longer at higher intensity
35
What are the side effects of erythropoietin (EPO) ?
Blood can thicken - increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks and strokes Increased blood pressure Liver and pancreas damage Skin reactions
36
What are beta blockers, and who might take them ?
Beta blockers prevent adrenaline Steady hand sports - snooker, golf, darts, shooting, archery
37
What are the side effects of beta blockers ?
Severe blood sugar changes Heart failure Nausea Dry mouth Shortness of breath Unusual weight gain Irregular heart rate
38
What are the rewards of drug taking for the performer ?
Improve performance - win Increased fame Financial rewards for wining Increased confidence in own ability Can improve health if the drug is actually needed Givers performer freedom of choice Belonging to part of a group
39
What are the repercussion of drug taking for the performer ?
Potential ban Not fair/ immoral Negative role model Encourages others to take drugs May demotivate grass roots participation Loss of earnings May feel that they cannot perform without them
40
What are the repercussion of drug taking for the sport ?
Damages the reputation of sport Drug association reduces revenue (sponsors and spectators) If we accept drugs in sport it says to society drugs are okay
41
What are the arguments for drug taking in sport ?
Audience gets to see the best performance possible Drug taking is a personal choice We celebrate the win at all costs attitude - drug taking is part of that Some role models are still popular despite taking drugs Allows us to increase knowledge on the human body Can level the playing field with those already taking them
42
What are the arguments for drug testing in sport ?
Creates a fairer competition/ level playing field Acts as a deterrent to the people thinking of taking drugs Catch those who are cheating Shows society drug taking is not acceptable It is a responsibility to find and punish those who were cheating
43
What are the arguments against drug taking in sport ?
The best/ hardest working athletes don't win The ones with the most money/ technology will win Ethics lost - about winning not taking part No sense of achievement Promotes unhealthy and dangerous behaviour Completely destroys the health and fitness aspects of sport
44
What are the arguments against drug testing in sport ?
Legalised drugs would save the money spent on testing - this could be reinvested in grass roots The drug takers are always one step ahead of the drug testers - so what is the point
45
What are the strategies to eliminate performers from taking drugs in sport ?
Drug testing - more frequent random tests and before competitions Investment in detection and research Education on harms and side effects Punishments - long term bans, stripping of medals/ achievements, and prison/ rehab Drug scandals in media - deterrence Positive role models Coordination between nations drug testing regulations
46
What is the Bosman ruling ?
Players can move to a new club at the end of their contract without their old club receiving a fee
47
What does SOCCER stand for ?
Spectators attacking players Opponents being too violent Contractual issues with sponsors Contractual issues with employer Equality of opportunity issues Refereeing negligence
48
What is the officials duty of care ?
A moral or legal obligation to ensure the safety or wellbeing of others
49
What is officials negligence ?
Failure to take reasonable care over someone which results in a foreseeable injury/ harm This breaches the duty of care
50
What are some examples of officials negligence ?
Failure to stop the game due to an injury to a player An injury caused by ....
51
What are some examples of a coaches duty of care ?
Keeping up to date details (contact, medical, registers) Appropriate supervision ratios First aid provision is available DBS clearance Risk assessments
52
How does the law protect spectators ?
Safety of Sports Grounds Act Fire Safety and Safety of Places of Sport Act The Football (Offences) Act

AQA A Level PE (6 decks)

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