Sport And Society Flashcards

Question

How did the church influence sports?

Answer 1

Church provided facilities Encouraged civilised behaviour Organised sports teams Increased attendance at ceremonies

Answer 2

Codification- strict rules Competition- development of leagues Increase in leisure time- workers given time off Professionalism- commercial/ professional sport Public provisions- facilities through middle class philanthropists

Answer 3

Kind, generous, middle class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try to provide for a better life among the working class

Answer 4

Local council provisions of facilities

Answer 5

2 tier society 3 tier society Physical/ violent. Exclusivity/ NGBs Males only Written rules Few rules Regular fixtures Little equipment Commercialised/ professionals

Answer 6

``` Development of public baths was a positive influence for the working class WASH HOUSE ACT-1846 — trying to combat the diseases that had become widespread because of poor living conditions Involvement in physical activity was seen as a means of social control of the working class - less drinking/gambling Helped improve productivity as workers were healthier ```

Answer 7

``` Played regionally/ nationally And regular Rule based- codification Purpose built facilities Gambling controlled Respectable Impact on religion and revolutions ```

Answer 8

More teams/ clubs More fixtures required Rules and codification- nationally agreed More national/ international fixtures Maintenance of control of sport among the middle and upper class More leagues required

Answer 9

Ebenezer Morley, a London solicitor who formed Barnes FC in 1862, could be called the ‘father’ of The Association. He wasn’t a public school man but old boys from several public schools joined his club and there were ‘feverish’ disputes about the way the game should be played. The FA was formed there on 26 October 1863, a Monday evening. The captains, secretaries and other representatives of a dozen London and suburban clubs playing their own versions of football met “for the purpose of forming an Association with the object of establishing a definite code of rules for the regulation of the game”.

Answer 10

``` Due to their desire for the upper/middle class to maintain control of sport To preserve amateur ideal in sport To maintain exclusivity- didn’t want to mix with lower class Did not like losing lower working class who became professionals ```

Answer 11

A person who plays sport for the love of it and does not receive financial gain

Answer 12

A person who plays sports for financial gain

Answer 13

Manliness- robustness, striving for physical endeavour Appreciating the value of health and fitness Appreciating the value of rule regulated activity High moral integrity

Answer 14

Being a respected member of society with a public school background- high status in society Belonging to the social elite- having wealth and plenty of free time for sport Participation in sport was viewed as a natural character building exercise Playing range of sports using natural talents Playing sports to a high moral code

Answer 15

Code of amateurism: - was based on playing sport to clearly set rules which were put in place by the middle and upper classes that formed many NGB’s (fair play, referees, acceptance of rules/decisions) Belonging to the social elite: - having wealth and plenty of time to play sport for the love of it rather than monetary gain. Participation in sport: - was seen as more important than winning and taking part was viewed as character building exercise. They played according to their god given talents and training was frowned upon as this constitute professionalism The ‘ALL ROUNDER’ was viewed in high regard by the armatures. Armatures were the ‘elite performers’ of the 19th century

Answer 16

■ Working class had lower status and could not afford to play sport ■ The working class professionals came from poor backgrounds ■ They were perceived to be corruptible as they were controlled by money (take a bribe to throw a fight). ■ Early professionals in walking/running races, were paid according to results. ■ Foul play and gamesmanship were used to try to gain an advantage and increase the chances of winning (stretching the rules)

Answer 17

■ As poorest members of society, had to be paid a wage for time off working and representing their factory, broken time payments emerged. ■ They were paid based on their result so performance developed as a result of training. ■ Earning money from sport was seen as an avenue for ‘social mobility’ ■ This created a determination to succeed i.e. high rewards at stake and the pressure to succeed to maintain a certain lifestyle ■ Professionalism slowly developed at the end of the 19th century e.g. employment in a factory was sometimes based on talent to play sport.

Answer 18

Urbanisation More free time Improved transport Increased professionalism Social class links- middle class influence Increased organisation- rules, refs, leagues, teams

Answer 19

A European Court of Justice decision made on the 15th December 1995 concerning freedom of movement for worker. It effectively allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract to another club without a transfer being paid.

Answer 20

``` Equal opportunities Increased media coverage Female role models Better PE programs Increased encouragement from FA More clubs More free time ```

Answer 21

The process of attempting to gain money from an activity

Answer 22

when a company pays for their products to be publicly displayed or advertised, usually as an attempt to increase the sales of there goods.

Answer 23

the practice in which the brand or image from one ‘product’ is used to sell another.

Answer 24

``` Wide media coverage Entertainment Professional sports Sponsorship and business Contracts Athletes as commodities ```

Answer 25

``` High incomes and sponsorship deals- financial security Entertaining household names Successful result = pay rise Under pressure to perform well Controlled by sponsors ```

Answer 26

Rules and regulations have been changed or introduced to speed up the action and prevent spectator boredom. (football - multi ball, badminton – score on every point) Breaks are provided in play so that sponsors can advertise there products and services. Competition formats have changed (e.g. twenty20 cricket) Sports played by women receive less coverage, this can have a negative effect on participation. There are fewer role models and there is less money reinvested into sports at grass roots and professional levels. The increase in technology gives the spectator a more personal experience.

Answer 27

Sponsorships can decrease the amount of tax paid by a company (tax relief) Creates an association with the healthy image of sport Improves company /Morale Increased sales/commercial benefits/increased profit/increased publicity Gives an opportunity to link to corporate hospitality Creates an association with excellence at the highest levels of sport

Answer 28

the process whereby nations are increasingly being linked together and people are becoming more independent via improvements in communication and travel

Answer 29

Increased pressure on athletes to perform to their best: may lead to the use of some illegal substances to maintain performance levels The players are recruited to play for teams in other countries The sponsorships of events The spreading of different sports to new nations

Answer 30

Players use social Media to promote themselves/Attracts universities/clubs Companies are being set up to provide social media at a verity of levels Provides information regarding sport Some players/coaches have got in trouble for posting inappropriate comments Athletics use it to share info and promote the their clubs

Sport And Society Flashcards

(54 cards)