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PE- exercise physiology > Sports Injuries > Flashcards

Sports Injuries Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are examples of traumatic sports injuries

A

Bruise
Strain
Sprain
Wound
Fracture
Head injury
Spinal cord injury
Cramp

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2
Q

What is a bruise

A

Damage to small blood vessels which cause bleeding within the tissues

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3
Q

What is a strain

A

Trauma to a muscle due to overstretching and tearing of muscle fibres

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4
Q

What is a sprain

A

An injury in a joint caused by ligament being over stretched

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5
Q

What is a wound

A

Abrasion or puncture of the skin

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6
Q

What is a fracture

A

Breaks in the bone

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7
Q

What us a head injury

A

Concussion or serious brain damage

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8
Q

What is a spinal cord injury

A

Damage to central nervous system or spine

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9
Q

What is cramp

A

A strong involuntary muscle contraction

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10
Q

What are examples of overuse injuries

A

Tendinopathy
Compartment syndrome
Shin splints
Bursitis
Stress fracture

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11
Q

What is tendinopathy

A

Inflammation of tendons

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12
Q

What is compartment syndrome

A

Pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels
Blood flow to cells decreases preventing oxygen and nutrient delivery

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13
Q

What is shin splints

A

Pain along the inner edge of tibia usually caused by repeated trauma to the connective muscle

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14
Q

What is bursitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of a bursa
Bursa is a fluid filled sac formed near joints which act as cushion between the tendons and bones

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15
Q

What is a stress fracture

A

A small crack in a bone or severe bruising within a bone
Usually caused by overuse and repetitive weight bearing activity

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16
Q

What is the explanation for muscle weakness

A

Lack of strength in certain muscle groups
Eg a sprain ankle due to joint laxity

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17
Q

What is the explanation for muscle in balance

A

Difference in stength produced by opposing muscle groups
Eg 100m sprinters tear hamstrings due to stronger quads

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18
Q

What is the explanation for muscle stiffness

A

Muscle riding it’s and tightness post exercise
Eg lack of flexibility in erector spinae to perform trunk strength exercises

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19
Q

What is the explanation for overtraining

A

When volume and intensity of exercise exceeds an individuals recovery capacity
Eg shin splints

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20
Q

What is the explanation for biomechanical issues

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A

Structural problems that cause irregular or uneven movements leading to pain nd injury
Eg overpronation, flat footed

21
Q

What is the explanation for environment

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A

Poor conditions or inappropriate facilities
Eg waterlogged pitches

22
Q

What is the explanation for equipment

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A

Incorrect use of equipment or not following NGB equipment guidelines
Eg failing to wear helmet

23
Q

What is the explanation for etiquette

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A

Poor sportsmanship or manipulation of rules to cause /increase chance of injury
Eg not kicking ball out for injury

24
Q

What is a PAR Q

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A

Physical activity readiness questionnaire
Designed to indentify wether an increase in physical activity could be inappropriate o dangerous for an individual carried out by personal trainers
Included questions of medical history injuries

25
How does focusing on strength and conditioning help reduce injury
Build core stability Mobility training
26
What is core stability
Capacity for the muscles of the torso to stabilise the body during movement ad assist with maitance of posture and balance
27
What are preventative ways to reduce chance of sport injuries
Importance of PARQ Focus on S&C Sufficient rest Warm up and cool down Physio therapy and massage Wear protective equipment Use balance for competition in training Follow rules of sport and listen to officials Importance of officiating and coaching qualification
28
What are the 8 stages of injury management
1. First aid 2. PRICE for minor sprains nd strains 3. Early management. Diagnosis and treatment possible surgery 4. Maintence of CV fitness while resting 5. Rehab (mobility n strengthening) 6. Rehab (develop sport specific exersices) 7. Rehab (technique specific training) 8. Rehab (gradual return to competition risk aware)
29
What is the PRICE procedure
Done immediately after soft tissue injury Protect- injury from further damage by providing support(strapping ) Rest- should be rested for at least 2-3 days to allow it to heal naturally nd prevent damage Ice- apply ice pack to reduce swelling and inflammation for 20 mins for 2-3hrs Compression- compression injury using tape to minimise swelling you need to ensue its not too tight Elevate- raise above heart level immediately after injury to reduce blood flow to injured area
30
What’s involved in ice baths
Treat tissue swelling and soreness following intense training to speed up recovery process Submerge as much of body as possible for 3-10 mins in bath of ice water
31
What is the physiological theory of ice baths
Causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels draining blood and waste products says from muscles and reducing inflammation Exiting the bath causes rich of fresh oxygenated blood to revitalise damage tissue
32
Who will benefit from ice baths
Anyone
33
What is the effectiveness of ice baths
Commonly used and backed up by evidence
34
What is involved when using hypoxia tents
Used to minimise altitude created low o2 environment Regulation of oxygen delivery to injured athlete while they sleep
35
What is teh physiological theory of hypoxia tents
Body responds to low o2 levels by increasing production of red blood cells
36
Who will benefit from hypoxia tents
Endurance athletes with lower limb injuries
37
What is the effectiveness of hypoxia tents
Preserve aerobic fitness of performer while injured rather than aid recovery
38
What is involved in sports massage
Manual therapy involving the manipulion of soft tissue pre or post exercise
39
What is teh physiological theory of sports massage
Reduction of muscle tension nd increased flexibility through strength in and heat generation Pain reduction through release of endorphins Breakdown of scar tissue promotion of circulation in aiding removal of waste
40
Who can benefit from sports massage
Anyone
41
What is the effectiveness of sports massage
Research shows that massage can increase relaxation enhance performance aid revcry and prevent injury
42
What is electrtherpy
Several differently forms of treatment including ultrasound TENS laser therapy and muscle stimulation
43
What is teh physiological theory of electro therapy
Reduction in pain increase speed strength of muscle contraction increased range of motion
44
Wat is the effectiveness of electro therapy
Research shows effects are not well understood benefits are anectodal May be a placebo
45
what is involved in kinesio taping
application of a strong yet flexible tape to support and compress body parts
46
what is the physiological theory of kinesio taping
improves blood flow to help drain waste products at a quicker rate promoting healing may reduce pain aid proprioceptors and improve posture
47
who can use kinesio tape
anyone
48
what is the effectiveness of kinesio taping
relatively new technique so research is fairly limited useful injury prevention an drehab method in conjuction with convetional treatments

PE- exercise physiology (10 decks)

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