Sports Injury

Question 1

List the classifications of injuries

Answer 1

Acute, Chronic and Overuse

Question 2

Define an acute injury

Answer 2

Acute-Immediate pain and impaired function,

Question 3

Define a chronic injury

Answer 3

Chronic-Begins as acute then reoccurs due to weakness in the area,

Question 4

Define an overuse injury

Answer 4

Overuse-Excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint

Question 5

Define a fracture

Answer 5

Fracture is a break in a bone.

Question 6

Define a strain

Answer 6

Strain = torn muscle or tendon, e.g. strained hamstring

Question 7

Define a sprain

Answer 7

Sprain = torn ligament, e.g. sprained ankle.

Question 8

Define a contusion

Answer 8

Contusion = burst blood vessels inside the body that dry hard and inhibit movement eg knee in the thigh.

Question 9

Define a cut or laceration

Answer 9

When the skin is damaged, generally via a direct blow

Question 10

Contrast direct and indirect injuries

Answer 10

Direct injuries are caused by external force such as a collission and cause injuries such as a fracture or contusion, where as indirect injuries are caused by internal force such as overstretching and lead to strains and sprains

Question 11

Explain the difference between soft and hard tissue

Answer 11

Hard tissue is bones and teeth, where as soft tissue is muscles and connective tissue

Question 12

Describe a soft tissue injury

Answer 12

When the connective tissue or muscle fibres cannot cope with the stress being placed on them or a joint is overextended

Question 13

Describe a hard tissue injury

Answer 13

A break in a bone or tooth.

Question 14

Outline the 3 grades of muscle tears

Answer 14

Grade 1: Minimum number of fibres torn, Grade 2: Significant number of fibres torn, Grade 3: Complete tear of all fibres

Question 15

Explain the difference between an open(simple) and closed (compound) fracture

Answer 15

A closed fracture is a break in a bone that stays under the skin where as an open fracture is a break where the bone breaks the skin.

Question 16

List the two type of hard tissue injuries

Answer 16

Fracture and dislocation

Question 17

Describe a fracture

Answer 17

Fracture is a break in a bone.

Question 18

Describe a dislocation

Answer 18

Dislocations occur at a joint and involve the bones forming the joint being displaced

Question 19

Explain the difference between a dislocation and sublaxation

Answer 19

Sublaxations are partial dislocations.

Question 20

Describe overuse injuries

Answer 20

Caused by excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint.

Question 21

Outline the Pain Cycle in oversuse injuries

Answer 21

Overload, Tissue injury, Continued activity, Pain, Inflamation, tissue injury

Question 22

Describe Osteitis Pubis

Answer 22

Irritation or overuse of the joint between the pubic bones of the pelvis

Question 23

Patella tendonitis

Answer 23

Inflammation of the patella tendon

Question 24

Tennis or golfers elbow

Answer 24

Swelling of the tendons in the elbow and arm

Question 25

Describe Arthritis

Answer 25

Arthritis is characterised by inflammation of the joints in the body, causing pain and stiffness

Question 26

Describe Juvenile arthritis

Answer 26

Arthritis that occurs in children under 16 years of age, where the immune system attacks healthy tissue in and around the joints of the body

Question 27

Describe Osteoarthritis

Answer 27

A degenerative condition resulting from overuse, or wear and tear, of a joint, mostly affecting the weight-bearing joints of the hip, knee or ankle but can also affect the hands and spine

Question 28

Describe Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 28

A chronic disease resulting from an autoimmune response of the body.

Question 29

Describe Osteoporosis

Answer 29

Osteoporosis is a degeneration of structure, density and strength of bone

Question 30

Describe back pain

Answer 30

Back problems can affect the bones, joints, tissues and nerves of the back

Question 31

List the High-risk characteristics that make a sport more likely to cause injury

Answer 31

High levels of physical contact, High impact activity, Heavy physical demands, High training volume, Long seasons of competition with no breaks

Question 32

Describe how a warm up prepares the body physiologically

Answer 32

Increases heart rate and respiratory rate, resulting in increased delivery of blood and oxygen to working muscles, increases temperature of muscles, therefore increases flexibility by increasing range of motion around the joint. This decreases the risk of injury, particularly muscle strains and tears.

Question 33

List the two components of a warm up

Answer 33

General and specific

Question 34

List the benefits of an active recovery

Answer 34

Prevent venous pooling, remove lactic acid, reduce muscle soreness and return body to resting state

Question 35

List the ways to make protective equipment effective

Answer 35

Worn during training and games, fits correctly, is specific to the sport, size and age of the athlete and is regularly checked and maintained.

Question 36

List some common examples of protective equipment

Answer 36

Mouthguards, glasses, helmet, shin pads, shoes, gloves, chest padding

Question 37

List the three types of taping and bracing

Answer 37

Rigid taping, kinesiology taping and bracing

Question 38

List the advantages and disadvantages of rigid taping

Answer 38

Advantages are reduces chance and severity of injury. Disadvantage is reduced circutlation, iritation and cost

Question 39

List the advantages and disadvantages of kinesiology taping

Answer 39

Advantages are it supports the muscles while not compromising range of motion. Disadvantage is it has to be fitted by a professional and is expensive

Question 40

List the advantages and disadvantages of wearing a brace

Answer 40

Advantages are they last longer than tape and can be put on yourself. Disadvantages are the initial expense and they can be bulky.