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Gcse PE > Sports Physcology > Flashcards

Sports Physcology Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the definition of sports physicology ?

A

Study of the mind and mental processes that impact performance in sport

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2
Q

What is a skill ?
Give examples

A

A skill is a learned action/ behaviour intended to bring about predetermined results with minimum effort
Tennis serve
A pass

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3
Q

What’s an ability?
Give examples

A

An inherited , stable trait that determines an individuals potential to learn or acquire a skill.
Balance
Speed
Flexibility

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4
Q

2 types of abilities…

A

Inherited - passed on from parents genes
Stable traits- do not change over time

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5
Q

The 4 continual lines for classing skills

A

Difficulty (basic-complex)
Environmental influence (open-closed)
Pacing(self paced- externally paced)
Muscular involvement (gross /fine)

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6
Q

What’s the muscular involvement continuum? Give examples at both ends .

A

Gross skills ————— fine skills
Large muscle groups. | dart
Bigpowerfulmovemnts|
Little precision. |
Swimming front crawl |

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7
Q

Difficulty continuum. Features and examples at both ends

A

Basic skills —————— complex
Little info to process.| opposite
Few decisions |
Low levels of concentration|
Learn quick|
Eg. Running | eg. Tennis serve

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8
Q

What’s the environmental continuum?
Features and examples

A

Open skill—————closed skill
-Effectedbyenvironment | not
(Teammates opposition)
-Performed in unstable | stable
Environment
-requires decision making

Eg. Pass in football

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9
Q

Pacing continuum
Features and examples

A

Self paced skills-externally paced

-start controlled| start controlled
By performer | by external facto
-speed,pace,direction| determin
Controlled by performer |by env
Eg. Bowling in cricket|goaly save

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10
Q

The 2 types of goals that can be set..

A

Performance goals
Outcome goals

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11
Q

What’s a performance goal?
Example

A

Personal standard to be achieved (beating pb)
Personal improvement
Based on previous performances

Eg. 100metre sprinter improving their pb

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12
Q

What’s an outcome goal?
Example

A

Focus on end result
Involve comparison against overs
Eg. Winning a football match

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13
Q

Effective goal setting for a beginner…

A

Performance goals to maintain motivation and confidence

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14
Q

Effective goals for experienced / elite performers …

A

Driven by winning so set outcome goals
Perfomance goals to improve technique

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15
Q

What acronym should a goal follow ? What each part means + examples

A

SMART

Specific - target must be specific to the demands of the sport. Eg:striker basing targets on shooting

Measurable- possible to measure weather targets have been met. Eg: run100m in 11sec

Accepted- target must be accepted by performer and other individuals involved. Eg: meeting with coach to discuss

Realistic- target must be possible to attain. Eg: increase bench press by 5 kg in 5 weeks

Time-bound - target must have end point eg- improve 100metre time by .2 seconds in 5 weeks

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16
Q

Benefits of goal setting …
Examples

A

-Increase motivation effort.
They have an end target to work towards. EG: setting goal of winning the league

-Improve focus
Unsure training is focused and relevant
Eg: goal to do a marathon- do more continuous training

-Improve performance
Develop skills/areas of weakness
Eg: goal keeper improving weak kick

17
Q

What is information processing?

A

How we make decisions
This involves gathering data from the display (senses) and prioritising the most important stimuli to make a suitable decision

18
Q

Order of information processing…

A

1.Input
2.decision making
3.output
4.feedback

19
Q

What’s the input?
Examples

A

-Performer taking info from the display (senses)
- chose which sense is important to them at the time
Eg: sprinter listening for starting gun

20
Q

What’s decision making ?

A

-An appropriate response is chosen from memory. May have been used before
- anything done in the last 30 seconds is comes from short term memory. Any longer, long term memory

21
Q

What is the output?
Example

A

The decision chosen is sent to appropriate muscles to carry out the movement
Eg: moving your legs to run

22
Q

What’s the feedback?

A

-Information received via intrinsic (within yourself) or extrinsic ( from others), feedback regarding the success of lack of it within an action
-the feedback you revive may affect how you complete this skill in the future

Eg: you feel the ball in your hands ( intrinsic), you hear your team clapping because you caught it (extrinsic)

23
Q

What’s arousal?

A

Arousal is a physical and mental of alertness/readiness, ranging from deep sleep to extreme excitement.

24
Q

What are the two types of arousal..

A

Physical arousal
Mental arousal

25
Q

Advantage of physical arousal…

A

Increased heart rate , increased breathing rate

26
Q

Disadvantage of physical arousal…

A

Shaking, muscle tremors, nausea

27
Q

Advantages of mental arousal …

A

Increased focus , determination , aggression

28
Q

Disadvantages of mental arousal..

A

Anxiety, fear

29
Q

Diagram of upside down U to represent arousal comparing to performance.

A
30
Q

What skills are best performed at a low level of arousal?

A

Fine skills that require accuracy/precision are best performed at a low level of arousal.
Eg: snooker , archery

31
Q

What skills require high levels of arousal?

A

Gross skills that require strength/power and large movements are best performed in high levels of arousal
Eg: rugby tackle

32
Q

What effect on performance can over arousal have on?

A

Negative impact

33
Q

3 Methods to control arousal …
What they are
Examples

A

-deep breathing, taking slow deep breaths to calm breathing down. This increases oxygen supply to the brain and focuses kind

Mental rehearsal / imagery / visualisation - athlete visualises a successful performance for the mind before completing a skill. Imagery is when you visualise a calm place.

Positives self talk - performed making positive statements in their head to increase confidence
Eg - “I will win this race “

Gcse PE (4 decks)

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