Sports Psychology

Question 1

what is a skill

Answer 1

A skill is learned actions or learned behaviours with the intention of bringing about predetermined results with maximum certainty and the minimum outlay of time and energy

Question 2

what is an ability

Answer 2

An ability is inherited, stable traits that determine an individual’s potential to learn or acquire a skill

Question 3

what does SMART stand for?

Answer 3

Specific
Measurable
Accepted
Realistic
Time-bound

Question 4

What does Specific mean?

Answer 4

Specific means the goal must be specific to the demands of the sport, the muscles used or the movements used

Question 5

What does Measurable mean?

Answer 5

Measurable means it must be possible to measure whether the goals set have been met

Question 6

What does Accepted mean?

Answer 6

Accepted means these goals must be accepted by the performer and any others involved in setting the goals, such as a coach or teacher

Question 7

What does Realistic mean?

Answer 7

Realistic means the goals must actually be possible to complete or achieve

Question 8

What does Time-bound mean?

Answer 8

Time-bound is a set period of time must be imposed

Question 9

what are the 2 types of goal setting

Answer 9

performance goals

outcome goals

Question 10

What is a performance goal

Answer 10

Performance goals are personal standards to be achieved. This type of goal is when performers compare themselves against what they have already done. There is no comparison to other performers.

Question 11

what is an outcome goal

Answer 11

Outcome goals are where the focus is on the end result, such as winning

Question 12

What are the different types of classification of skills

Answer 12

Basic/ complex
open/ closed
self-paced/ externally paced
Gross/ fine

Question 13

What are basic/ complex skills

Answer 13

basic skills: walking, jogging, jumping throwing

complex skills: pole vault

Question 14

what are open/ closed skills

Answer 14

An open skill is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing/ unstable environment
A closed skill is not affected by the environment, the skill tends to be performed the same way each time

Question 15

Examples of open/ closed skills

Answer 15

A footballer taking part in a match is in a constantly changing environment
A trampolinist’s environment doesn’t change and performs the skill the same each time

Question 16

What are Self-paced/ externally paced skills

Answer 16

A self paced skill is one which is started when the performer decides to start it. Eg: tennis serve you decide when to throw the ball up

Question 17

Example of Self-paced/ externally paced skills

Answer 17

Eg: tennis serve you decide when to throw the ball up

Eg: receiving the ball from a tennis serve would be started by your opponent serving to you

Question 18

what are gross/ fine skills

Answer 18

A gross movement is when a large amount of muscles/ muscle groups to perform big movements
A fine movement is a small and precise showing high levels of accuracy

Question 19

examples of fine/ gross movement

Answer 19

Eg: lay-up shot in basketball
Eg: A net drop volley in doubles tennis

Question 20

Define input

Answer 20

Input is what has been received from sight hearing and touch

Question 21

Define Decision making

Answer 21

Decision making is where the performer has to make a choice or response from their memory short term or long term

Question 22

Define Output

Answer 22

Output is when the information that’s been processed is sent to the muscles in order to be able to carry selected and desired response.

Question 23

Define Feedback

Answer 23

Feedback is received by performers themselves intrinsic or extrinsic feedback`

Question 24

What are the different types of guidance

Answer 24

Visual
verbal
manual
mechanical

Question 25

what is short term memory

Answer 25

short term memory is when it's retained for about 30 seconds

Question 26

What is long term memory

Answer 26

long term memory is when it's retained from as far as months or years ago

Question 27

what is intrinsic feedback

Answer 27

Intrinsic feedback is when you receive feedback from your muscles telling you if you've done it right or wrong

Question 28

what is extrinsic feedback

Answer 28

Extrinsic is when you receive feedback from a coach or teacher

Question 29

What are the different types of feedback?

Answer 29

Positive negative Knowledge of results Knowledge of performance Extrinsic intrinsic feedback

Question 30

What is positive/ negative feedback

Answer 30

positive is telling the performer what is good about their performance negative is telling the performer what is bad about their performance

Question 31

What is knowledge of results feedback

Answer 31

this is the feedback the performer gets through the end result of their performance or by being told that by an observer

Question 32

What is knowledge of performance feedback

Answer 32

this is how the performer feels about their actions from the performance that has just taken place

Question 33

What is Extrinsic/ intrinsic feedback

Answer 33

either from themselves (intrinsic) or from others (extrinsic)

Question 34

what is arousal

Answer 34

A physical and mental state of alertness or readiness varying from deep sleep to intense excitement or alertness

Question 35

What do gross movement skills require

Answer 35

large muscle groups to perform big strong powerful movements

Question 36

what do fine movement skills require

Answer 36

small and precise movements that require high levels of accuracy on co-ordination

Question 37

What arousal level do gross movements require

Answer 37

higher levels or arousal

Question 38

What arousal level do fine movements require

Answer 38

lower levels of arousal

Question 39

What are the 3 types of stress management

Answer 39

Deep breathing mental rehearsal positive self talk

Question 40

What do you do in mental rehearsal

Answer 40

Cognitive relaxation techniques involving control of mental thoughts and imagining positive outcomes

Question 41

What do you do in positive self talk

Answer 41

developing cognitive positive thoughts about your own performance

Question 42

What is stress

Answer 42

Physical, mental or emotional strain or tension

Question 43

What are the two types of aggression

Answer 43

direct aggression | indirect aggression

Question 44

What is direct aggression

Answer 44

this is aimed directly at another player or performer and it involves some form of physical contact`

Question 45

what is indirect aggression

Answer 45

This is aggression does not involve any physical contact. this aggression is taken out on an object. Eg@ tennis ball

Question 46

What are the two types of personalities

Answer 46

Extrovert | introvert

Question 47

What is an extrovert

Answer 47

``` enjoy interacting with others sociable tend to play in team games concentration levels are lower gross skills are commonly used ```

Question 48

What is an introvert

Answer 48

shy and quiet enjoy being on their own play individual sports where concentration and fine skills are required

Question 49

What are the two types of motivation

Answer 49

Intrinsic | extrinsic

Question 50

What is intrinsic motivation

Answer 50

self drive from within: Pride satisfaction | If a runner gets a new PB is an example of extrinsic motivation

Question 51

what is extrinsic motivation

Answer 51

Drive to perform well or to win in order to gain external rewards such as money. This is provided from another source/ person

Question 52

Positives of intrinsic motivation

Answer 52

It's more effective so it's more commonly used | more likely to lead to continued effort and participation

Question 53

Positives/ negatives of extrinsic motivation

Answer 53

the overuse of extrinsic motivation can undermine the benefits of using intrinsic feedback a performer can be reliant on extrinsic motivation