Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NMT150 midterm > Spotlight week 1-6 > Flashcards

Spotlight week 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

treatments for low back pain

A

ischemic compression (trigger point)

cross-fibre frictions

PNF- contract relax method

active muscle release (hypertonic muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

myofascial trigger point

A

spot in a hypertonic band of muscle around muscle belly that’s hyper-irritable; tender; shortened muscle

from trauma; damage sarcoplasmic reticulum bc calcium influx

increase in metabolism and decrease in circulation (ischemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does ischemic compression/ trigger point therapy work

A

FLUSHING effect of metabolites on local ischemia

helps with hypertonicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ischemic compression/ trigger point methods

A
  1. static compression (hold for 30-120 secs)
  2. intermittent method (hold for 10 seconds, wait 10 secs) and do for 3xc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cross-fibre friction

A

help breakdown adhesions in muscles in subacute or chronic (NOT acute)

increase ROM

releases histamine and bradykinin causing local vasodilation and blood flow to area

go in opposite direction of fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) (contract relax technique)

A

stretching technique; active inhibition

stretch then contract and move to deeper stretch 3x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

active muscle release

A

release adhesions via ROM

in chronic stage

find hypertonicity area and apply tension then stretch area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what herbs for URTI?

A

antivirals/antimicrobials, immune stimulants, expectorants, demulcents, adaptogens, anti inflame

want direct effects of kill bug

and indirect to prevent viral entry to cell

many herbs have organ specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 herbs for URTI

A

Baptisia tinctoria (wild indigo)

Echinacea angustifolia/ purpurea

Zingiber officinalis (ginger)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what family is echinacea and Calendula officinalis and Matricaria recutita (chamomile) part of and allergy you need to be aware of

A

astaracea family allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 herbs for dermatitis

A
  1. calendula officinalis
  2. centella asiatica (gotu kola)
  3. matricaria recuzita (chamomile)
  4. plantar spp (plantain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what herbs are anti inflammatory

A
  • General anti-inflammatory: turmeric
  • Anti-inflammatory to lungs/GIT: licorice
  • Anti-inflammatory to cardiovascular system: hawthorn
  • Anti-inflammatory to MSK: devil’s claw
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anti inflammatory action?

A

demulcent or emollinet

inhibit COX and lipooxygenase enzymes to reduce inflammatory prostaglandin and leukotriene and cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 herbs for joint pain and inflammation

A

Boswellia serrata (frankincense)

Curcuma longa (turmeric)

Harpagophytum procumbens (devils claw)

Salix alba (white willow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is aspirin made

and who should avoid

A

by acetylating SALYCILIC ACID –> Salix alba (white willow)

kids with flu bc Reyes syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

antibiotic resistance

A

modify molecule, decrease penetration and efflux, change target site, global cell adaptations

i.e. beta lactase enzyme eats penicilin so it cant bind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

bactericidal vs bacteriostatic

A

kills sensitive organisms so that number of viable organisms falls rapidly after exposure

inhibits growth of bacteria but does not kill them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

narrow vs broad vs extended spectrum antimicrobials

A

Narrow-spectrum – agent is active against a single species or limited group of pathogens

Broad-spectrum – agent is active against a wide range of pathogens

Extended-spectrum – agent falls in between (intermediate)

19
Q

how antibiotics work

A

beta lactam antibitoics interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis

inhibits bacterial transpeptidase

20
Q

penicillin v

A

narrow spectrum antibiotic

oral suspension

for group A streptococcal pharyngitis

21
Q

which antibiotic for group A streptococcal pharyngitis

A

penicillin v

22
Q

amoxicillin

A

extended spectrum penicilin

greater activity against gram negative bacteria

23
Q

cephalosporins

A

more resistant to beta lactamases ;; dif generations

24
Q

cefadroxil

A

1st generation cephalosporin

used if penicilin fails or allergy

25
Q

cephalexin

A

1st generation cephalosporin

used if penicilin fails or allergy

26
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors (antibiotics)

A

Prokaryotic ribosomes are composed of a 30S and 50S subunit

Amino acid cant been and do translocation of mRNA

27
Q

macrolides

A

inhibit peptide transferase which function to link amino acids together in growing peptide chain, also interfere with translocation

28
Q

azithromycin

A

for penicillin alternative

29
Q

clarithromycin

A

for penicillin alternative

30
Q

lincosamides

A

interfere with translocation

can cause clostridium difficile infections

31
Q

clindamycin

A

for penicillin allergy

if pharyngitis recurrent

32
Q

group A streptococcal pharyngitis treatment (strept throat)

A

antibiotics if at risk of developing acute rheumatic fever and have tested +

watchful waiting helpful bc minimal impact on natural course of strep

33
Q

Which of the following antibiotics is suitable for use in a patient with an immediate hypersensitivity reaction to penicillin?
A. Amoxicillin
B. Cephalexin
C. Cefadroxil
D. Azithromycin

A

D. Azithromycin

34
Q

monoamine hypothesis

A

States that mood disorders result from abnormalities in serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine neurotransmission

35
Q
  1. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
A

a. Block neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonic; increase time NTs are in synapse

36
Q

name a TCA, SNRI, SSRI

A

TCA- imipramine
SSRI-escitalopram
SNRI- venlafaxine

37
Q

serotonin syndrome

A

when increase serotonin drug

altered mental status, neuromuscular abnormalities, and autonomic hyperactivity

Mild hypertension and tachycardia, mydriasis, diaphoresis, shivering, tremor, myoclonus, and hyperreflexia

Hyperthermia (40°C), hyperactive bowel sounds, horizontal ocular clonus, mild agitation, hypervigilance, and pressured speech

eizures, renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, coma, and death.
Hyperreflexia, rigidity and clonus tends to be more prominent in the lower extremities

38
Q

antidepressant discontinuation syndrome

A

if rapid discontinue or reduce dose
–>to avoid slowly taper off meds

greatest risk in drugs with shorter half-life (venlafaxine is one of them)

Anxiety, crying, headache, increased dreaming, insomnia, irritability, myoclonus, nausea, electric shocks, tremor, flulike symptoms, imbalance, and sensory disturbances
–>not life threatening

39
Q

name a benzodiazepine

A

clonazepam

40
Q

what do benzodiazepines act on

A

Act as positive allosteric modulators of GABA-A receptors

GABA-A receptors are found in high concentrations in the cortex and limbic system

GABA is inhibitory and reduces the excitability of neurons

BZ1 and BZ2 allosteric binding sites

BZ1 in cortex, thalamus, cerebellum (can cause anterograde amnesia bc lipid soluble)

BZ2 in limbic system, motor neurons and dorsal horn of SC (relax muscles)

41
Q

benzodiapene use

A

second line agent for GAD

NOT MDD

42
Q

Which of the following drugs enhances inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission?
A. Escitalopram B. Clonazepam C. Venlafaxine D. Imipramine

A

clonazepam

bc its a benzodiazepene

43
Q

A patient complaining of increased dreaming, electric shocks, and flulike symptoms after cutting their pills in half to make them last longer may be experiencing which of the following?
A. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome
B. Benzodiazepine withdrawal
C. Serotonin syndrome
D. Typical adverse effects of antidepressant therapy

A

A. Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome

NMT150 midterm (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions