Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Crespi Biology > Spring Final chs. 8-10, 13, 14 > Flashcards

Spring Final chs. 8-10, 13, 14 Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

in a eukaryotic cell, the chromosomes are located in the __

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There are two organelles in a cell that have their own DNA. These organelles are the __ and the __

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The stages of mitosis, in order

A
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mitosis or meiosis?

results in daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mitosis or meiosis?

results in daughter cells that are different from each other and from the parent cell

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mitosis or meiosis?

creates two daughter cells

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mitosis or meiosis?

creates four daughter cells

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
mitosis or meiosis?
creates body (somatic) cells
A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mitosis or meiosis?

creates sex cells (gametes)

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mitosis or meiosis?

is used for growth and repair of damaged tissue

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
mitosis or meiosis?
creates diploid (2n) cells
A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
mitosis or meiosis?
creates haploid (n) cells
A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mendel’s law of __ states that a sperm or egg only carries one allele for each character, since each parent’s alleles separate during meiosis

A

segregation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mendel’s law of segregation states that a sperm or egg only carries one allele for each character, since each parent’s alleles separate during __

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mendel’s law of segregation states that a sperm or egg only carries one __ for each character, since each parent’s alleles separate during meiosis

A

allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mendel’s law of __ states that each pair of alleles separates independently during meiosis, so that the inheritance of one character does not affect another

A

independent assortment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that each pair of ___ separates independently during meiosis, so that the inheritance of one character does not affect another

A

alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that each pair of alleles separates independently during __, so that the inheritance of one character does not affect another

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that each pair of alleles separates independently during meiosis, so that the inheritance of one __ does not affect another

A

character

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the parental flowers in Mendel’s crosses were purebreds, meaning they were __zygous

A

homozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When Mendel crossed purebred purple with purebred white flowers, all the offspring had the __ phenotype and the genotype __

A

purple; Pp (heterozygous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

AA and aa are both examples of __zygous genotypes

A

homozygous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a __ trait is one that is masked in the presence of the dominant trait

A

recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A __ square can be used the predict the outcomes of parent crosses

A

Punnett

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The genetic instructions for making a protein are broken up into three-base "words" called __
codons
26
In DNA, A pairs with _
A pairs with T
27
In DNA and RNA, G pairs with _
G pairs with C
28
In RNA, A pairs with _
A pairs with U
29
If a strand of DNA has the sequence ACTGG what will the complementary DNA sequence be?
TGACC
30
If a strand of DNA has the sequence ACTGG what will the complementary RNA sequence be?
UGACC
31
__ is the process that converts DNA to mRNA
transcription
32
transcription occurs in the __ of the cell
nucleus
33
proteins are made of long chains of __ __
amino acids
34
__ is the process that converts RNA to a protein (amino acids)
translation
35
translation occurs on __ in the __ of the cell
ribosomes; cytoplasm
36
The amino acids in a protein are joined by __ bonds
peptide
37
The enzyme __ __ is involved in transcription. It builds the mRNA molecule by adding __
The enzyme RNA polymerase is involved in transcription. It builds the mRNA molecule by adding nucleotides
38
4 bases of DNA
adenine guanine cytosine thymine - DNA only
39
4 bases of RNA
adenine guanine cytosine uracil - RNA only
40
Two types of nucleic acid
DNA and RNA
41
the building blocks of DNA and RNA are __
nucleotides
42
the three parts of a nucleotide
- sugar - phosphate - nitrogen base
43
He generated the idea of natural selection
Darwin
44
This term describes evolution that occurs when individuals with certain traits survive and reproduce more than other individuals. Over time, species become better adapted to their environments.
natural selection
45
Darwin's ship, on which he discovered well-adapted animals in the Galapagos Islands
HMS Beagle
46
equation that describes a nonevolving population, where the gene pool remains constant
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
47
a change in the gene pool of a small population, due to chance
genetic drift
48
two examples of genetic drift
founder effect | bottleneck effect
49
occurs when one population exchanges alleles with another population, usually because of migration
gene flow
50
a measure of how much an individual contributes to the gene pool of the next generation
relative evolutionary fitness
51
three types of selection
- stabilizing - directional - disruptive
52
type of selection that favors one extreme phenotype
directional selection
53
type of selection that favors the medium phenotype
stabilizing selection
54
type of selection that favors both extreme phenotypes
disruptive selection
55
According to the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms who can __ and produce __ offspring
a species is a group of organisms who can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring
56
the origin of a new species
speciation
57
the origin of a new species in the same area, with no geographic barriers
sympatric speciation
58
the origin of a new species during geographic speciation
allopatric speciation
59
anything that prevents individuals from different species from interbreeding
reproductive barrier
60
a reproductive barrier that blocks interbreeding BEFORE the formation of a zygote
prezygotic barrier
61
a reproductive barrier that blocks interbreeding AFTER the formation of a zygote
postzygotic barrier
62
five types of prezygotic barriers
- temporal isolation - habitat isolation - behavioral isolation - mechanical isolation - gametic isolation
63
which prezygotic barrier: | mating in different species happens at different times
temporal isolation
64
which prezygotic barrier: | different species live in different areas
habitat isolation
65
which prezygotic barrier: | different species are not attracted to each other
behavioral isolation
66
which prezygotic barrier: | structural differences between species prevent sex
mechanical isolation
67
which prezygotic barrier: | female and male gametes cannot fertilize
gametic isolation
68
three types of postzygotic barriers
- reduced hybrid viability - reduced hybrid fertility - hybrid breakdown
69
which postzygotic barrier: | hybrid zygotes do not develop well
reduced hybrid viability
70
which postzygotic barrier: | hybrids do not produce healthy gametes and cannot reproduce
reduced hybrid fertility
71
which postzygotic barrier: | hybrids produce offspring that are weak or sterile
hybrid breakdown
72
the discipline of biology that focuses on classifying organisms and finding their evolutionary relationships
taxonomy

Crespi Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions