Spring Semester Exam Flashcards
1
Q
in ancient Rome, a person who fought people or animals for public entertainment
A
Gladiator
2
Q
verse or prose that pokes fun at human weakness
A
Satire
3
Q
Arena that would hold 60,000 people
A
Colosseum
4
Q
Temple built to honor all of Rome’s gods
A
Pantheon
5
Q
Curved ceiling made by building arches next to each other
A
Vault
6
Q
____ moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople
A
Constantine
7
Q
In A.D. 378, the visigoths fought and defeated the Roman legions at _____
A
The Battle of Adrianople
8
Q
Wants to have the Roman Empire divided into two separate empires after his death
A
Theodosius
9
Q
motifs or images created by an arrangement of colored glass or stone
A
Mosaics
10
Q
Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium and renamed the city _____.
A
Constantinople
11
Q
Legal scholar who worked to create a new code of laws
A
Tribonian
12
Q
Arguably the greatest of the Byzantine emperors; served from 527 - 565 A.D.
A
Justinian
13
Q
Helped Byzantine women win more legal rights
A
Theodora
14
Q
General who strengthened the Byzantine army
A
Belisarius
15
Q
A story that uses everyday life events to teach a religious message
A
Parable
16
Q
One of the first 12 followers of Jesus
A
Apostle
17
Q
_____ was an important Christian apostle
A
Paul of Tarsus
18
Q
The act of rising from the dead
A
Resurrection
19
Q
Being saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven
A
Salvation
20
Q
An organization with different levels of authority
A
Hierarchy
21
Q
Official church teaching
A
Doctrine
22
Q
Regular church members
A
Laity
23
Q
The Emperor Constantine issued the _____
A
Edict of Milan
24
Q
He was one of successors; an emperor of the Roman Empire
A
Theodosius
25
Church officials
Clergy
26
A person who is willing to die for his or her beliefs
Martyr
27
A representation of an object of worship
Icon
28
"Image Breaker"
Iconoclasts
29
To declare a person, or group, no longer a member of the Church
Excommunicate
30
A separation or division from a church
Schism
31
The _____ created their own Christian church that became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church
Byzantines
32
The Greek bishop Basil created a list of rules for monks and nuns known as the _____, this list told people how to live and pray in Eastern Orthodox monasteries and convents
Basilian Rule
33
An Italian monk named Benedict wrote these rules about A.D. 529
Benedictine Rule
34
He wrote the “City of God”
St. Augustine
35
The title given to the Bishop of Rome
Pope
36
Steep-sided valley that is an inlet to the sea
Fjord
37
An agreement between the Pope and the ruler of a country
Concordat
38
After defeating a Muslim army at the Battle of Tours, this "Mayor of the Palace" earned the nickname, "The Hammer"
Charles Martel
39
In 732, Charles Martel defeated the Muslims at the _____
Battle of Tours
40
he valued education, so he established schools in his empire
Charlemagne
41
Vikings launched raids from their homeland in _____
Scandinavia
42
In the 400s, a Christian priest named _____ traveled to Ireland where he spread Christianity and founded churches and monasteries
St. Patrick
43
an agreement where only the pope could choose bishops, but only the king or emperor could give them government posts
Concordat of Worms
44
A new Medieval social order based on land ownership
Feudalism
45
Noble who served a lord of a higher rank
Vassal
46
Grant of land to a vassal
Fief
47
A warrior in armor that fights on horseback
Knight
48
Peasants
Serf
49
Medieval business groups
Guild
50
the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood
Chivalry
51
a center of trade on Europe's northern coast
Flanders
52
Determines whether a person should be accused of a crime
Grand Jury
53
Determined whether a person was guilty or innocent
Trial Jury
54
Region of northern France named for the Norsemen who ruled it
Normandy
55
_____ ruled England as well as most of Wales, and Ireland
King Henry II
56
Edward I, king of England in the late 1200s, increased the authority of his council who were known as _____
parliament
57
The Byzantine emperor asked _____ for military aid to save his Christian empire from Muslim forces and the pope agreed to help
Pope Urban II
58
In 1095, the pope asked Europe's nobles to begin a _____, or holy war, against the Muslim Turks
The Crusades
59
In 1174, led by a brilliant general named _____, Muslims recaptured Jerusalem
Saladin
60
Religious beliefs that conflict with Church teachings
Heresy
61
Hatred of Jews
Anti-Semitism
62
A way of thinking that used reason to explore questions of faith
Scholasticism
63
The local language used by people of a region
Vernacular
64
Early medieval churches were _____, a style that combined the features of Roman and Byzantine buildings
Romanesque Cathedrals
65
The first scholastic thinker was _____, who served as archbishop of Canterbury in England from 1093 to 1109. _____ became known for his reasoning about the existence of God.
St. Anselm
66
In the 1200s, an Italian Dominican friar named ______ became scholasticism's greatest thinker
St. Thomas Aquinas
67
Thomas Aquinas's major work was the _____, or a summary of knowledge on theology
Summa Theologica
68
One famous nun Between a.d. 1000 and 1200 was _____. She was the abbess, or leader, of a convent in Germany and wrote music for the church.
Hildegard of Bingen
69
A disease that spreads rapidly and kills many people
Plague
70
The Christian struggle to take back the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims
Reconquista
71
_____, as the disease was known, was probably bubonic plague. This illness is caused by a type of bacteria spread by fleas. Rats carry the fleas
The Black Death
72
Merchants used the _____ and other trade routes. _____ linked Asia and Europe
The Silk Road
73
The _____ War was between England and France
The Hundred Years War
74
This French peasant girl was made a Saint by the Roman Catholic Church
Joan of Arc
75
In 1095 Pope Urban II called for a crusade against them
Muslims
76
The _____ tried and tortured thousands of people who were accused of being disloyal to the Catholic Church in Spain
The Spanish Inquisition
77
A renewal of interest in Greek and Roman culture and arts
Renaissance
78
Related to worldly things
Secular
79
A soldier who fights for money rather than loyalty to a country
Mercenary
80
The art of making peaceful agreements with other countries
Diplomacy
81
The ruler of an Italian city-state
Doge
82
Belief in the worth of the individual
Humanism
83
A leading family in Florence during the Renaissance
The Medici Family
84
This Italian writer believed that rulers should do whatever is necessary to keep power. Including lying and cheating.
Niccolo Machiavelli
85
This Renaissance artist painted the fresco, "The School of Athens"
Raphael Sanzio
86
This Renaissance author wrote, "The Divine Comedy," describing a person's journey from hell to Heaven
Dante Alighieri
87
This author wrote, "The Canterbury Tales," a collection of stories told by pilgrims on a religious journey
Geoffrey Chaucer
88
He is responsible for creating a printing press with movable metal type
Johannes Gutenberg
89
This Renaissance artist was also a scientist and inventor
Leonardo da Vinci
90
This famous Renaissance artist painted the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican in Rome
Michelangelo
91
This German artist was known for his engravings
Albrecht Durer
92
The greatest English playwright
William Shakespeare
93
The Flemish painter Jan van Eyck was skilled in using oils; one of his best-known paintings is The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck
94
a religious movement that produced a new form of Christianity known as Protestantism
Reformation
95
_____ were a certificate issued by the church
Indulgences
96
a religious belief that God has already decided who will go to heaven and who will not
Predestination
97
Young monk who challenged the Catholic Church, eventually starting a new religion
Martin Luther
98
Spread the idea of Prostestantism across Northern Europe
John Calvin
99
Under its terms, each German ruler—whether Catholic or Lutheran—could decide the religion of his people
The Peace of Augsburg
100
a form of Christianity
Protestantism
101
Henry VIII ruled England from 1509 to 1547
King Henry VIII
102
The _____ became known as the Anglican Church
The Church of England
103
the Protestant daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, took the throne as _____ after her half-sister Mary died. She restored the Anglican Church
Queen Elizabeth I
104
A special school for training and educating priests
Seminary
105
Tried to end the conflict between Catholics and Protestants after becoming king of France
Henry of Navarre
106
A Catholic Council met in Trent, Italy to decide how to reform their church
The Council of Trent
107
A Spanish nobleman and soldier responsible for founding the "Society of Jesus" (the Jesuits)
St. Ignatius of Loyola & Jesuits
108
A Spanish nun who became known for her spiritual writings
Teresa of Avila
109
Wanted to unite Spain and make them all Catholic
Ferdinand & Isabella
110
The writer _____ wrote the novel Don Quixote, about a comical knight and his peasant servant.
Miguel Cervantes
111
When Spain tried to invade England in 1588, English ships and a storm stopped the _____
The Spanish Armada
112
Wealthy French Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin
Huguenots
113
The _____ began when Protestants in Bohemia rebelled against their Catholic king
The Thirty Years War
114
In 1648, the warring nations signed the _____
The Peace of Westphalia
