SPUTUM

Question 1

SPUTUM INTRO:
1. from the upper and lower respiratory tract which is a mixture of ___,____,____,___
2. these are exudates secreted by the ____ of the bronchial lining and _______ of the bronchial tree when there is a respiratory infection
3. for detection of occurrence of infections such as _____ and ____
4. for detection of respiratory diseases such as ____

Answer 1

1. plasma, electrolytes, mucin and water
2. goblet cells, mucus secreting gland
3. tuberculosis and URTI
4. asthma

Question 2

Sputum Specimen Collection:

____: for tuberculosis, spot-morning-
spot specimen is recommended

1. most ideal specimen for
   examination is the
2. can also be done thru _____
   - aerosol reagent
   - saline solvent

Answer 2

Expectoration

1. first morning sputum specimen
2. sputum induction
   - 10% NaCl;
   - 10% propyleneglycol

Question 3

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:

Volume:
1. SCANTY in (3)
2. LARGE in (5)

Odor:
1. normal odor
2. foul & putrid (2)
3. sweetish (2)
4. fruity odor (1)

Answer 3

Volume:
1. BAE = Bronchial asthma, Acute
bronchitis, Early pneumonia
2. BLET G = bronchiectasis, lung
abscess, edema, gangrene and TB

Odor:
1. odorless
2. lung gangrene, advanced necrotizing tumors
3. bronchiectasis, tuberculosis cavities
4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections

Question 4

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:

Color:
1. normal
2. pseudomonas
infection, jaundice, caseous pneumonia, rupture of liver
3. indicates pus
- usually _________
4. indicates early
lobar pneumonia, tuberculosis,
pulmonary gangrene, and
hemorrhage
5. late pneumonia
6. congestive heart failure
7. streaked or yellow green-
tuberculosis, bronchiectasis
8. anthracosis, heavy smoker,
dust, dirt carbon or charcoa
10. carcinoma of the lungs (chronic
cancer)

Answer 4

Color:
1. colorless and translucent,
whitish to faint yellow, orange to
purulent
2. bright green
3. whitish yellow
- polymorphonuclears
4. anchovy or rusty
5. prune juice
6. brown
7. blood
8. black
10. olive green/ grass green

Question 5

Consistency
1. Mucoid (1)
2. Mucopurelent (3)

Answer 5

1. aSerous or frothy- lung
   edema
2. bronchiectasis,
   tuberculosis cavitiessthma,
   bronchitis

Question 6

Macroscopic Structures
1. made up of fibrin, branching tree-like cast
- found in
2. grayish to yellowish caseous material made up of cellular fatty acids, fat
globules and some bacteria
- seen in ____ & ____
- has a size of ____
- odor
3. fragments of calcified tuberculosis tissue or calcified foreign matter
- aka
- seen in
4. fragments of necrotic pulmonary tissues
- seen in ____ & ___
5. mucoid threads twisted in spiral; usually associated with eosinophils
- seen in ____ & ___

Answer 6

1. Bronchial casts
   - lobar pneumonia
2. Dittrich’s plugs
   - bronchiectasis and bronchitis
   - pinhead
   - foul
3. Lungstones
   - Pneumoliths/Broncholiths
   - Histoplasmosis
4. Cheesy Masses
   - pulmonary TB and pulmonary
   gangrene
5. Curshmann’s spiral
   - bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis

Question 7

Microsocpic

Unstained

_______: from the wall of alveoli and bronchioles
1. seen in (3)
2. ____ crystals
3. needle-like and colorless formed as result of _____
4. most significant and characteristic
of

Answer 7

Elastric Fibers
1. TB, lung abscess, lung
gangrene
2. Charcot-Leyden crystal
3. eosinophil degradation
4. bronchial asthma

Question 8

Unstained

_____: Cells containing carbon
1. large mononuclear cells with brown blood pigment
- seen in
2. may resemble
Blastomyces or fat droplets
3. Parasites: E.
granulosus in cases of ______

Answer 8

Pigmented cells

1. Heart failure cells
   - congestive heart failure
2. Myelin globules
3. hydatidosis

Question 9

Stained

1. for identification, make thin smears from tissue fragments or blood tinge materials
   which might be present in fresh specimen
   - smears fixed in ____
   - stained by _____
2. Leukocytes, epithelial cells
3. cluster of columnar cells
   - seen in

Answer 9

1. Neoplastic cells
   - ether-alcohol
   - Papanicolaou technique
2. Bacteria
3. Creola bodies
   - bronchial asthma