SQL

Question 1

an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system

Answer 1

Databases

Question 2

What does DBMS stand for?

Answer 2

database management system

Question 3

Serves as an interface between the database and its end users or programs, allowing users to retrieve, update, and manage how the information is organized and optimized. Also facilitates oversight and control of databases, enabling a variety of administrative operations such as performance monitoring, tuning, backup, and recovery.

Answer 3

database management system

Question 4

type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables. Stores data into relations (tables)

Answer 4

Relational Databases

Question 5

What does SQL stand for?

Answer 5

Structured Query Language

Question 6

a programming language used by nearly all relational databases to query, manipulate, define data, and to provide access control

Answer 6

SQL

Question 7

translations on high level queries into low level expressions that can be used at physical level of file system, query optimization and actual execution of query to get the result.

Answer 7

Query Processing

Question 8

core part of a DBMS that provides access to the data in a database managed by the DBMS.

Answer 8

DBMS Engine

Question 9

What are the sublanguages of SQL?

Answer 9

DDL, DML, DCL, TCL

Question 10

What is DDL?

Answer 10

Data Definition Language

Question 11

What does DDL do?

Answer 11

Used for creating database tables, defining the database structure

Question 12

what are the commands for DDL?

Answer 12

Create
Alter
Drop

Question 13

what is DML?

Answer 13

Data Manipulation Language

Question 14

What does DML do?

Answer 14

All operations on individual rows

Question 15

what are the commands for DML?

Answer 15

Select
Insert
Update
Delete

Question 16

what is DCL?

Answer 16

Data Control Language

Question 17

What does DCL do?

Answer 17

For DB admin, allow users to have different permissions

Question 18

what are the commands for DCL?

Answer 18

Grant

Revoke

Question 19

what is TCL?

Answer 19

Transaction Control Language

Question 20

What does TCL do?

Answer 20

Concerned with grouping SQL commands and executing them as a batch

Question 21

what are the commands for TCL?

Answer 21

Commit
Savepoint
Rollback
Transact

Question 22

refers to the SQL variant used by a database vendor

Answer 22

SQL Dialect

Question 23

refer to the different categories of the statements/commands in SQL

Answer 23

SQL Sublanguages

Question 24

Used for setting guidelines in what data belongs to a column

Answer 24

Constraints

Question 25

what are the Constraint types

Answer 25

``` Data type Not Null Unique Check Primary Key - unique and not null Foreign Key ```

Question 26

used to uniquely identify a data set, and also to establish relationships between entities

Answer 26

Keys

Question 27

what are the different keys?

Answer 27

Candidate key Primary key Foreign Key Composite Key

Question 28

Minimal set of columns in a table that every other column depends on

Answer 28

Candidate key

Question 29

Unique identifier for a row in a table

Answer 29

Primary key

Question 30

A set of columns which hold the values of some primary key to establish a relationship to another row

Answer 30

Foreign Key

Question 31

Any key that’s more than one column

Answer 31

Composite Key

Question 32

Ensures the accuracy and consistency of data within a relationship

Answer 32

Referential integrity

Question 33

Relationships in SQL : This means that two sets of data are unique to each other

Answer 33

1:1

Question 34

Relationships in SQL : This means that one set of data can have many instances of the other data set

Answer 34

1:m

Question 35

Relationships in SQL : This means that both data sets can have many instances of each other

Answer 35

m:m

Question 36

Relationships in SQL : Put both entities in the same table or separate the entities in two tables with a FK reference that is Unique and Not Null

Answer 36

1:1

Question 37

Relationships in SQL : Two tables, FK that is not unique

Answer 37

1:m

Question 38

Relationships in SQL : 3 tables one of which is a join/junction table

Answer 38

m:m

Question 39

shows the relationships of entity sets stored in a database. Visual representation of your DB design.

Answer 39

ER Diagram

Question 40

Designing a database in a certain way to ease data management

Answer 40

Normalization

Question 41

What are the normal forms?

Answer 41

1NF 2NF 3NF

Question 42

Normal Forms: Atomic Values, No repeating groups of columns, No duplicate rows

Answer 42

1NF

Question 43

Normal Forms: Has to be 1NF, NO partial dependencies, No composite keys mean you’re 2NF by default

Answer 43

2NF

Question 44

Normal Forms: Has to be 2NF, NO transitive dependencies

Answer 44

3NF