SS... Flashcards
Europe
Violent
Fragmented
Feudal Society - strong Lords and Kingdoms, weak Kings
Rural, mostly poor and illiterate
Violent
Very Religious - Roman Catholic Church
Pope is the head of the Church
Byzantine Empire
Centralized and united - great city, Constantinople
Fairly wealthy, cultured
Very Religious
Eastern Orthodox Church (split from Roman Catholic Church - Great Schism)
Major trading Center
Muslim Empire
Somewhat United -but still some factions
Seljuk Turks were mostly in charge
Educated, cultured and advanced
Very Religious
Islam
Conquered some of the Byzantine Empire
what was one cause of the crusades?
- Christians in Europe were alarmed by the Seljuk Turk advance and rumors about highway robbery and the killing of Christians in Jerusalem. Christians were worried about the fate of their holy sites in Jerusalem, fearing they would no longer be able to visit them.
another cause?
- Emperor Alexios of the Byzantine Empire appealed to the West for help - the Seljuk Turks had advanced to within 100 miles of Constantinople
another cause?
- Emperor Alexios of the Byzantine Empire appealed to the West for help - the Seljuk Turks had advanced to within 100 miles of Constantinople
another cause?
- Pope Urban called for a Crusade - a Holy War - to capture Jerusalem. He was incredibly persuasive, and even offered remission of sins - a ticket to heaven - to participate
where and when was pope Urban’s speech?
November 1096: at the Council of Clermont
why was it moved out side?
to many people showed up
he calls for a crusade called a what to capture the holy city Jerusalem back.
a holy war
what were they chanting at the end of his speech?
“Deus Volt!” “Deus Volt”! “God Wills it!” “God Wills it”
what are popes religious motives?
Truly believed he had to save Jerusalem and Christians from the Seljuk Turks
what was popes political motives?
Truly believed he had to save his fallow Christians (Byzantine Empire) from the Seljuk Turks
what was popes personal motives?
Wanted to become more powerful, head of re-combined Christian Church
what was his speech so effective
Uses Inflammatory language, creates a “buzz” - “amp” or rile the crowd up, common enemy instead of fighting amongest themselves
what does he promise in his speech?
a remission of sin- a free ticket to heaven.
His commands quickly become who’s command?– make sure the crowd know its who that wants the Crusade?
god, Jesus and god.
Announces who leads the Crusade - puts his guy in charge
Bishop Adhemar
what do volunteers get that puts peer pressure on other knights?
a red cross
why do they plan assumption day in August?
it Gives time for knights to prepare, Times it with the weather for travels
Times it with the harvest so they have the most food available
Ties the start date to God - it is a religious holy day!
where did the crusaders waged war against Muslims and where did Christians drive out Muslims?
Africa and Europe.
what happened to the people if they didn’t practice Christianity?
the Inquisition persecuted, tortured and killed thousands of people who did not practice Christianity.
