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ST CH1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who organized the first fire Company?

A

Ben Franklin

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2
Q

When was the first fire company organized?

A

1736

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3
Q

Where was the first fire company organized?

A

Philadelphia, PA

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4
Q

What were the goals and objectives of the first fire company?

A

To save lives and reduce property loss

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5
Q

When have the most dramatic changes in the fire service made?

A

In the last 30 years

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6
Q

What is the broad, general statement or thought of what needs to be accomplished?

A

Strategy

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7
Q

Fire strategies are designed to meet? TQ

A

Incident priorities of life safety, property conservation, and incident stabilization

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8
Q

What are the more specific functions designed to meet the strategic goals?

A

Tactics

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9
Q

What are the methods used to meet the tactic?

A

Tactical Methods

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10
Q

What was organized on the scene of a structure fire in 1736 to move water?

A

Bucket Brigade

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11
Q

What are large extensive fires known as?

A

Conflagrations

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12
Q

What has a direct impact on the effectiveness of the unit and the safety of the fire fighters?

A

Staffing levels

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13
Q

A fire department can provide only the level of protection that the __________ is willing to fund.

A

Community

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14
Q

Although the ________ and _________ change constantly due to internal and external influences, the strategic goals and objectives do not change for any of these different types of departments. TQ

A

Tactics and Tasks

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15
Q

The mission of every fire department is to:

A

Save lives and reduce property loss

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16
Q

What are two PPE fire-resistive materials used today?

A

Nomex and Kevlar

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17
Q

PPE now has a thermal protection that _________ and reduces the fire fighter’s chances of stress from overheating.

A

Breathes

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18
Q

What is sewn into the coat and reinforced under the arms to provide a pulling strap for downed fire fighters?

A

Fire Fighter Safety Strap

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19
Q

What are the audible warning devices that sound at a high decibel level when a fire fighter stops moving?

A

Personal Alert Device

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20
Q

How long does a fire fighter stop moving prior to the Personal Alert Device being activated?

A

20 to 30 seconds

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21
Q

Where is the National Fire Academy (NFA)?

A

Emmitsburg, Maryland

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22
Q

Who funds the NFA?

A

Federal Government via USFA

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23
Q

The USFA is organizationally a component of _________, under __________. TQ

A

FEMA under the DHS

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24
Q

The current organizational structure of NFA, USFA, FEMA, under the DHS was a result of what?

A

Terrorist attacks that occurred 9/11/2001

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25
Who established the Office of Homeland Security (OHS), and when?
George W. Bush in 2001
26
When was the DHS created?
2002
27
The NFA was created when, and under what act? TQ
1974, under the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974
28
The Degrees at a distance Program (DDP), an online degree program that has agreements with ________ colleges and universities throughout the country?
7
29
A ________ can reduce firefighter fatigue by reducing the amount of hose fire fighters must carry?
Standpipe
30
A standpipe pack or high-rise pack is made up of what?
150’ hose, a reducer or gated wye, and a spanner wrench
31
When a department continuously responds to false alarms in specific buildings in an area, there is a tendency to become __________, which can be deadly and cannot be tolerated.
Complacent
32
After the lives of 3 fire fighters were claimed in a high-rise office building in Philadelphia, the code was changed to require what in all high-rise buildings in Philadelphia?
Sprinkler Systems
33
Approximately how many fire fighters lose their lives each year? TQ
100
34
Who investigates every fire fighter death in the United States? TQ
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
35
During an investigation of a fire fighter death, what is secured (taken), which provides a critical part of the investigation?
Personal Protective Clothing
36
What construction type or term did the Hackensack, New Jersey fire make nationally known?
Bowstring Truss
37
When was the Hackensack fire?
1988
38
Line of Duty fire fighter deaths are approximately how many per year? TQ
100
39
Approximately half of the 100 deaths per year are due to what? TQ
Fire Fighter Stress
40
Is there a national mandatory physical fitness program for fighters?
No
41
What is the standard that says departments must have a fitness program?
NFPA 1500: Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program
42
What are 4 recent changes that have helped reduce fire fighter deaths?
RIT, PAR (personnel accountability, 2 in 2 out, and physical fitness programs
43
When was the Coconut Grove Fire, where was it, and how many died?
1942, Boston, MA, 492
44
What were the 3 primary reasons for the Coconut Grove Fire?
Flammable decorations, inadequate exits, and overcrowding.
45
More modern building materials and contents (plastics, synthetics, etc.) typically burn ________ as hot as the older mostly wood construction.
Twice
46
Firefighters should not aggressively fight interior structure fires for more than the time it takes to:
Expend two 30 minute SCBA cylinders without rehab.
47
According to a Philadelphia Fire Department test of 750 members, the average time of work from a 30 minute SCBA cylinder was:
12 minutes 50 seconds
48
Wind and gravity are considered when designing trusses, however the effects of _______ and _______ are not.
Fire and Heat
49
Light weight trusses are primarily made up of what?
2”x4” lumber engineered into a series of triangles
50
What are the series of triangles called in a truss?
Chord and Web
51
2”x4” in trusses are held together by small metal plates called what?
Gusset Plates
52
How long are the spikes on Gusset Plates?
¼”
53
How far apart are trusses lined up on load bearing walls?
16” to 24”
54
If an attic fire is not extinguished quickly, there is a real threat of what?
Roof collapse
55
Why are trusses used in a lightweight metal construction such as supermarkets or discount stores?
To span large areas
56
Two reasons trusses fail early?
From the heat of the fire or Fire fighters cutting through a chord while ventilating
57
Does Balloon Frame construction have fire stops between floors?
No
58
What is it when a forest fire is moving toward occupied homes within the forest area?
Wildland-urban interface
59
__________ are probably in every structure fire-fighters respond to.
Hazardous Materials
60
Regardless of rank, each fire fighter must clearly understand_________ and __________.
Strategy and tactics
61
Actual Fire Service deaths are detailed annually by various agencies such as? (3)
IAFF, NFPA, USFA
62
Firefighters must wear what even during overhaul?
PPE and SCBA
63
Interesting point about the Cocoanut Grove fire is that many hazards were covered by what code?
1942 Edition of The Building Exit Code
64
Homes built when were usually furnished with wood, leather, cotton and wool?
1920s and 1930s
65
A Study conducted that found that lightweight wood structural components constantly fail faster than older structures?
2008, Underwriters Laboratories ]

Stratagies and Tactics (4 decks)

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