Stage 1- Lecture 4- Socio, Cognitive development Flashcards
What is self concept?
Who you are. Develops over time due to the experience with the environment
When does an infant have self recognition?
18-24 months
What is the ‘looking glass self” concept?
Child’s self concept is determined by how they are treated
What is categorical self?
A person’s own classification of themselves, e.g. age/sex
What is self recognition?
Ability to recognise oneself in the mirror - have a conceptual system where thoughts and feelings are about self
Gallup 1970?
The Rouge Test- he exposed 4 chimps to mirrors, on day 3 they pulled faces and inspected bodies, when red spot placed on face, they touched spot almost 30 times in 30 min- behavioural evidence for self awareness
Stage1 of self -recognition?
6-12 months- its another baby, believe reflection is someone else
Stage 2 of self recognition?
13-20months- withdrawal, no longer seem particularly happy, acting self consciously
Stage3 of self recognition?
20-24 months- its me- clearly recognise themselves
Criticism of Amsterdam 1972 stages?
Small sample- there was only 4 infants in each group
Study of Lewis/Brooke Gunn?
Looked at mirror behaviour in 9/24 months- used a larger sample and observed nose directed behaviour- Results= direct nose behaviour not observed prior to 15 months- which explains the self awareness age
How does language develop?
By 2 - use personal pronouns “I, me and my” indicates self awareness
Preschool- self concept is concrete and physical- refers to appearances and possessions
Young children are less likely to mention psychological traits- use global terms, good, nice, bad
How does self concept develop in adulthood?
In adulthood it becomes more complex, and links to emotional and cognitive development
How do adults influence a child’ self concept?
They boost the infant’s self esteem- infant is inflated and confident to explore which means that at times the self evaluation is not accurate
How do adolescents develop the self concept they have?
Use abstract thinking to think of themselves in terms of abstract characteristics
Definition of attachment
An emotional bond with a specific person that is enduring across time and space
Definition of imprinting
Phenomenon observed primarily in birds- links to work by Lorenz that when young birds hatch they become attached to the first large moving object they see
What is Bowlby’s juvenile thieves study?
1944- 44 juvenile thieves and 44 control adolescents- parents were interviewed to see if there was any separation periods- more than 1/2 of thieves had been separated from mothers for longer than 6 months- 32% showed affectionless psychopathy
Criticisms of Bowlby study?
Some children spent long periods in care- privation not separation
Social/ historical context- war= evacuations/ death
Too focused on bond with mother
Critical vs sensitive period
Harlow study 1958?
Deprived monkeys of early interactions with mothers- option of food vs security e.g. preference for a cloth monkey vs a wire monkey, results= only used wire mother for food
What is the attachment theory?
Attachment is biologically predisposed and ensures survival- provides a secure base where the attachment figure is present to allow for exploration of environment
Pre attachment phase?
Birth- 6 weeks
Production of signals that bring caregiver to side, comforted by interactions
Attachment in the making?
6 weeks - 6/8 months
Respond preferentially to familiar faces
Clear cut attachment?
6/8m- 1.5-2 years
Infants seek contact with regular caregiver
Separation/Stranger anxiety
