Stage 1- Social Psychology- Lecture 2 Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

What is an attitude?

A

A learned predisposition to respond- can be situational/consistent/enduring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are attitudes influenced by genetics?

A

Inherit genes of our parents e.g. infants temperament - some are genetically more sensitive to the environment, crying and smiling are inherited as general dispositions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do social factors influence attitudes?

A

We compare ourselves to others, attitudes may be influenced by the people we respect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the golden triad?

A

Affect, Cognition and behaviour

How they all connect- not always a predictor e.g. people are aware of sun dangers but still choose to expose themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

La Piere 1934?

A

Restaurant study- Owners would surveyed about their attitudes regarding chinese immigrants- had a negative attitude yet still served them courteously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the behavioural process model\?

A

Fazio
Event—-> Attitude e.g. perception of event/social norms—–> behaviour
Attitudes are sponetaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

A

Links beliefs to behaviour
Attitude/Subjective norm/Perceived behaviour control—> intention—–> behaviour
Intentions are a function of attitudes towards behaviour, SN, PBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Early research:changing people’s attitudes?

A

Source- who communicates it
Message- what did they say
Audience- who was listening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Elaboration likelihood model?

A

Two routes when information is processed- spontaneous and analytical - dependent on route as to whether persuasion is successful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is peripheral route?

A

Message is not important or interesting- heuristic processing - non verbal cues are important and argument strength is unimportant - example coca cola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is central route?

A

Message is important- systematic processing- non verbal cues unimportant but argument strength is important e.g. smoking ads - induce negative feelings to make people think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When attempting to change people’s attitudes what is the best choice?

A

Soft approach- when you have a skeptical audience use both sides of argument to side more convincing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does fear help persuade?

A

Dube 2012- Humour and fear= no defensive responses and increased persuasion
Fear alone= not persuasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Systematic processing?

A

Motivated to find correct answer- involves correct cognitive capactity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Heuristic processing?

A

Unmotivated- lack ability to process complex information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is impression formation?

A

How we form initial impressions towards individuals and the extent to how likely these are to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are impressions heavily weighted by?

A

High competencies

Unusual and immoral actions

18
Q

Asch paradigm involving impressions?

A

Looked at influence of adjectives on impressions
Intelligent/Warm= positive
Intelligent/ Cold = negative

19
Q

How can we form an attitude?

A
Social learning- from others
Classical conditioning- learning based on association
Operant- learn to hold the right views
Subliminal- without awareness
Observational- watching
20
Q

Configural model?

A

Cold and warm traits have strong effects on impressions as these are classified as central traits
Other traits e.g. polite / blunt did not have the same influence

21
Q

Anderson?

A

Looked at Asch configural model and provided algebraic model of how positive or negative a word or word combinations were

22
Q

Problems with Asch/ Anderson?

A

Neither take into account motives/goals/needs of perceiver
Social cognition as either data/theory driven is limited
Studies are artificial
Both are likely to influence rather than one individual theory

23
Q

What are schemas used for?

A

They are implications for how we perceive and understand new information

24
Q

Hamilton?

A

Subjects asked to memorise a group of traits or form an impression based on traits- later given surprise recall test
Impression formation subjects remembered significantly more

25
Darley and Gross?
Two stages in expectancy-confirmation process if we are unsure about a judgement based on a category we proceed with caution if we have more info- e.g. we have observed something, we adapt the evidence to fit our initial category based assessment
26
What is the mere exposure effect?
The more you see or hear something the more you tend to like it
27
Examples of mere exposure effect?
Seeing adverts | English tend to like letter E- more common letter
28
Mita et al?
We prefer our mirror image over our actual image while friends prefer actual image
29
Cross et al>
Rats listened to Mozart for 12 hours a day- rats placed on quiet side of box would move to music side
30
Dutton and Aron?
Fear arousal can lead to romantic arousal Female experimenter approached males as they walked down a bridge- when shown a photo of woman they were asked to produce a dramatic scene- stories were scored for sexual content Those males on a more dangerous bridge wrote steamier stories and were more likely to call experimenter after experiment when given her number
31
What is the imitation effect?
Infants as young as 18 months old will like you more if you imitate them
32
Chartrand and Bargh
Those who exhibited mimicking of foot and hand tapping behaviour were perceived as more likeable and trustworthy- participants didn't even have to be aware of mimicking
33
Holland?
Waitresses who mimick customers are more likely to receive higher tips
34
How is similarity a strong influencer in relationships?
Couples who are more similar are more likely to have longer relationships Strongest type of similarity was for physical health and attractiveness
35
Zajonc?
Blind judges able to match couples in long term relationships based on individual photos
36
What are the three types of love?
``` Companion= friend Compassion= parental romantic= lovers/passionate ```
37
Don'ts for relationships?
Do not be critical DO NOT SHOW CONTEMPT DO NOT BE SUSPICIOUS
38
Do's for relationships?
SHARE SUCCESS FUN LOOK ON BRIGHT SIDE
39
Romantic love?
Causes changes in brain chemistry- increases dopamine | Is fleeting- turns deeper and more intimate
40
What factors influence longer relations?
Taking into account partners perspective FUN Investment Attachment types