Stage 3 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Hypoxia
- Lack of oxygen
symptoms
* euphoria
* headache
* slower reaction time
* blue fingers, lips, nose
* impaired judgment
4 types of hypoxia
- hypoxic
- hypemic
- stagnant
- histotoxic
Hypoxic
-lack of oxygen due to atmospheric conditions
- examples: high altitudes where air is thinner
Hypemic
- inability to carry oxygen in blood cells
- examples : anemia, disease, blood lose, deformed blood cells, or CO poisoning
Stagnant
- oxygen deficiency due to poor circulation of blood (doesn’t move)
- example: pulling excessive G’s
Histotoxic
- inability for body to use the oxygen
- example: drugs, alcohol
Oxygen requirements required for crew
When flying between 12500’ - 14000’ MSL for > is required to have oxygen after flying 30 minutes
After flying for 30mins in between 12500’ - 14000’ you will need to have supplemental oxygen
Oxygen requirements mandatory for crew
Above 14000’ MSL
Oxygen requirements mandatory for crew and all passengers
Must be provided above 15000’ MSL
Carbon monoxide poisoning
- CO is odorless/ colorless gas
- important to detect symptoms of self, crew, and passengers
- symptoms
- headache
- dizziness
- drowsiness
- confusion
- vomiting
- incapacitation
- convulsions
What can cause carbon monoxide Poisoning
Cabin heater
- exhaust escaping through crack in manifold or seals allow exhaust fumes to mix with air and enter cabin
Resolution for carbon monoxide poisoning
- turn heater off
- open windows
- tell ATC you suspect CO poisoning
- declare emergency
- land as soon as possible
What is Hyperventilation
- rapid breathing/ abnormal volume of air breathed in and out of lungs
- results in decrease of carbon dioxide (CO2) content in blood
Causes of hyperventilation
- stress
- panic
- anxiety
Symptoms of hyperventilation
- lightheadedness
- nausea
- suffocation
- tingling in extremities
- rapid pulse and breathing rate
How to help hyperventilation
- talking aloud
- singing
- controlled breathing into a bag
- remove cause of stress/ anxiety
Sinus block
- sinuses are most often affected by pressure changes
- air pressure in sinuses equalize though small openings in the nasal passages during altitiude changes
- upper respiratory infections such as a cold can produce enough congestion to slow equalization
- the difference in pressure from sinuses eventually plus the opening
- sinus block occurs most often during descent
Altitude decompression sickness
- pilots or passages who intent to fly after scuba diving should allow enough time to rid themselves of Excess nitrogen buildup
- recommended waiting times
- uncontrolled ascent
- 12 hours for flights up to 8000’ MSL
- 24 hours for flights about 8000’ MSL
- controlled ascent
- 24 hours for flight at any altitude
Hazardous attitudes
- undermine pilots aeronautical decision making (ADM)
- important to understand why these attitudes may compromise our safety
- these 5 attitudes are embodied in psyche of even human mind
What are the 5 hazardous attitudes
- anti authority: don’t tell me
- impulsivity: do something quickly
- invulnerability: it won’t happen to me
- macho: I can do it
- resignation: what’s the use
What are the antidotes to the hazardous attitude
- anti authority: follow the rules. They are usually right
- impulsivity: not so fast. Think first
- invulnerability: it could happen to me
- macho : taking chances is foolish
- resignation: I’m not helpless.I can make a difference
Nighttime requirements
Lights required
-sunset- sunrise
Logging night
- civil twilight ( 30 minutes after sunset/ before sunrise
Currency
- 3 takeoff/landing to full stop ( 1 hour before sunrise/ after sunset
Left turning tendency
Torque, spiraling slipstream, gyroscopic precession, p-factor
Torque
- force that causes an opposite reaction
- propeller spins clockwise, airplane wants to spin counterclockwise
