Stage 41 (Block 3 Study Guide) Flashcards
1
Q
What is MVA
A
- Minimum Vectoring Altitude
- The lowest MSL altitude which IFR a/c can be vectored by ATC
- Provides obstacle clearance
2
Q
What is MSA
A
- Minimum Safe Altitude (emergency use)
- Acceptable Navigation signal is NOT guaranteed
- Provides 1,000’ obstacle clearance, usually within a 25nm radius of the nav facility
3
Q
Describe a Visual Approach. What are the weather requirements? What kind of separation/obstacle clearance is provided?
A
- ATC authorization for an IFR a/c to proceed VISUALLY to the airport (can be initiated by pilot or controller)
- NOT an IAP (no missed approach segment)
- Separation is provided, obstacle clearance is NOT
MUST HAVE:
1. 1000’ ceilings
2. 3sm vis
3. Remain clear of clouds
4
Q
Describe a Contact Approach
A
- ATC authorization for an IFR a/c to DEVIATE from an IAP AND proceed visually to the airport (pilot requested)
- Separation is provided, obstacle clearance is NOT
MUST HAVE:
1. Reported ground vis of 1sm+
2. Clear of clouds
3. ATC Authorization
5
Q
What is a Procedure Turn? What is the max speed a PT can be flown?
A
- A maneuver used to perform a COURSE REVERSAL to establish the a/c INBOUND on an intermediate/final approach course, usually within 10nm of the PT fix
- 200 knots
6
Q
Why would an IAP need you to execute a PT?
A
- If an IAP does not allow for straight in approaches (unless the pilot is being radar vectored)
7
Q
When are PTs NOT used?
A
- When a “radar vector” to the final approach course is provided
- When conducting a timed approach from a holding fix
- Indicated by “No PT”
8
Q
What is the definition of a Non-Precision Approach?
A
- A standard instrument approach in which only HORIZONTAL guidance is provided
9
Q
What is a Fly-by (FB) Waypoint? How is depicted on departure procedure charts?
A
- A waypoint that requires the use of turn anticipation to avoid overshooting the next flight segment
- A “North Star” (Circle with 4 points)
10
Q
What is a Fly-over (FO) Waypoint? How is depicted on departure procedure charts?
A
- A waypoint that precludes any turn until the waypoint is overflown
- Followed by either an intercept maneuver of the next flight segment, or direct flight to the next waypoint
- A “North Star” within a CIRCLE (O for Over)
11
Q
When would step down fixes be incorporated into an IAP?
A
- When they’re necessary to keep a/c within airspace boundaries and for obstacle clearance
12
Q
What is VDP
A
- Visual Descent Point
- Non Precision Approaches ONLY
- Point at which you decide to continue landing, or prepare to go missed
13
Q
How do you calculate the VDP if one is not provided?
A
Height above TDZE/300
14
Q
What is MDA?
A
- Minimum Descent Altitude
- The lowest altitude (MSL) to which descent is authorized on final approach or circle-to-land maneuvering during a Non-Precision IAP
15
Q
What is DA?
A
- A specified altitude in a PRECISION approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue has not been established
16
Q
What are the 4 reasons an airport would have a Circling-Only procedure?
A
- The approaches do NOT have straight in landing minimums
- Runway is not clearly defined on the airfield
- Final approach course alignment with runway centerline exceeds 30 degrees
- Descent gradient exceeds 400ft/NM (FAF to Threshold)
17
Q
How can you identify a Circling-Only IAP?
A
They will be labeled with letters! Ex: - RNAV (GPS) Z RWY 13L - VOR-A - LOC/DME BC-B
18
Q
Why do we hold?
A
- Waiting for further clearance
- Traffic
- Weather
- After going missed
19
Q
What 6 things would a clearance for an uncharted holding pattern include?
A
- Direction to hold from fix (N-S-E-W)
- Holding fix
- Course to follow
- Length of outbound leg (time or distance)
- Direction of pattern
- EFC Time
20
Q
What are the 3 different entries into a hold?
A
- Parallel
- Teardrop
- Direct
21
Q
What is the purpose of the Initial Approach Segment?
A
- Provide a method for aligning a/c with the approach course
- Arc, course reversal, or intersecting route to the course
22
Q
What is the purpose of the Intermediate Approach Segment?
A
- To position a/c for final descent to the airport
- Usually aligned w/in 30 degrees of the Final Approach Course
23
Q
What is the purpose of the Missed Approach Segment?
A
- To allow safe navigation from the MAP to a point where another approach can be attempted or you can continue to another airport
24
Q
What are the different sections of the approach chart?
A
- Header
- Plan View
- Profile View
- Airport Chart
25
What is the difference between a Published and Non-Published hold?
Published are found on approach charts, Non-published are made up and random over any point
26
Define Airport Elevation
The highest point of an airport's runways in MSL
27
Define Touchdown Zone Elevation
Usually the elevation of the runway 1000' from the runway threshold, or 1/3 the total available landing distance
28
How do max holding speeds change at different altitudes?
MHA-6,000' = 200 kias
6,001'-14,000' = 230 kias
14,001'+ = 265 kias
*exceptions listed in IFH 10-11*
29
Non-Precision Locations and Callouts
1. 1 NM prior to FAF...."Before Landing X-list compete, 100 knots"
2. 0.5 NM prior to FAF...."Below 110, Flaps to 10, 90 knots"
3. FAF (begin descent)
4. 1,000' above MDA...."1,000' to Minimums, Instruments: Cross-Checked"
5. 500' above MDA...."500' to Minimums, Cleared ___"
6. 100' above MDA...."100' to Minimums"
7. Minimums...."Minimums"
8. VDP...."VDP" or "VDP No Contact"
9. MAP...."Missed Approach Point, Go-Around, Flaps up"
30
Precision Locations and Callouts
1. Within glideslope range...."Glideslope Alive"
2. Prior to 1 Dot below Glideslope...."Before Landing X-list completed"
3. 1/2 Dot below Glideslope..."Below 110, Flaps 10, 90 knots"
4. Glideslope Intercept (FAF - begin descent)
5. 1,000' above DA...."1,000' to Minimums, Instruments: Cross-Checked"
6. 500' above DA...."500' to Minimums, Cleared ___"
7. 100' above DA...."100' to Minimums"
8. Minimums...."Minimums" or "No Contact, Go-Around, Flaps up"
9. Final Descent to Land...."Final Check completed, ___ in sight"
31
Circling approach Speeds and Radiuses
```
A: 0-91 knots, 1.3 nm
B: 91-121 knots, 1.5 nm
C: 121-141 knots, 1.7 nm
D: 141-166 knots, 2.3 nm
E: 166+ knots, 4.5 nm
```
32
What conditions permit you to descend below the MDA or DA?
91. 175!!!!!
1. Remain in a continuous position to land
2. Must have required visibility for the approach
3. Must have the runway environment in sight (1 of 10 things)
33
Name a few things that constitute as the "Runway Environment" per 91.175
1. Approach Lighting System (need this AND red terminating bars to descend to 100 above TDZE)
2. Threshold
3. Threshold markings
4. Threshold lights
5. RWY End Identifier Lights
6. Visual approach slope indicator
7. TDZ or TDZ markings
8. TDZ lights
9. Runway or RWY markings
10. RWY lights
34
MALSR Lighting System
Medium Approach Light System with Runway Alignment
35
If you are shooting an approach with a MALSR lighting system, what can you expect to see?
- 5 centered single flasher lights (200' apart) (WHITE)
- 9 centered light bars (Triple 1000' from the threshold) (WHITE)
- 18 lamps along runway threshold (GREEN)
36
If you are shooting an approach with an ALSF-1 lighting system, what can you expect to see?
- Centered ALTERNATING single flasher and bar lights (WHITE)
- Centered bar lights (Triple bar lights 1000' from threshold) (WHITE)
- Staggered (L/C/R) bar lights (RED)
- 18 lamps along runway threshold (GREEN
37
If you are shooting an approach with an ALSF-2 lighting system, what can you expect to see?
- Centered ALTERNATING single flasher and bar lights (WHITE)
- Centered bar lights (Triple bar lights 1000' from threshold) (WHITE)
- Left/Right bar lights (RED)
- 18 lamps along runway threshold (GREEN
38
What are the 4 components of an ILS?
1. Localizer
2. Glideslope
3. Marker Beacon
4. Visual Info (Approach lights, runway lights)
39
What types of NOTAMs are important for IFR flight?
NOTAM (D): Civil, Gives info on distant airports/airspace
NOTAM (L): Military, Gives info on local airports
FDC NOTAM: Regulatory in nature, changes to an IAP, airway, or TFR
40
When preparing to fly direct to a VOR and execute a PT, what can you do to set up the airplane?
- Spin in the VOR station's frequency on both NAV 1 and NAV 2
- Spin in the FAC on NAV 2
- When cleared direct to the VOR by ATC, activate NAV 1, center the course, and track direct
- Upon reaching the VOR, activate NAV 2 and follow the tail of the needle on the appropriate outbound course to execute the PT
41
When planning to hold over a GPS waypoint, how do you set up the airplane prior to takeoff?
- PROC select approach
- Select waypoint to hold at, Course Reversal YES
- Set minimums
- WAIT to Activate until ATC clears you direct to the holding fix
42
You are cleared direct to the holding fix, what do you need to do?
- Throttle...Slow to 100 when 3 mins out
- Turn...make entry into the hold
- TIME...(Parallel/Teardrop 1 min outbound, turn to intercept inbound leg and start timer AGAIN when wings level)
- SUSPEND the GPS approach
- Talk...Tell ATC you're established
- Twist...Find WCA and calculate heading for the outbound leg
- UNSUSPEND when ready for the approach
