Staining Flashcards
(85 cards)
*Renders the different tissue constituents more visible.
Staining
*Promoting easier optical differentiation & identification
of the cell & tissue components.
staining
Major Groups of Staining of Tissues
*Histological Staining
*Histochemical Staining (Histochemistry)
* Immunohistochemical Staining
*Tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct
interaction with a dye or staining solution, producing
coloration of the active tissue component.
1
2
3
Histological Staining
*Microanatomic stains
* bacterial stains
* specific tissue stains (muscles, connective tissue and neurologic stains
- thru chemical reactions that will permit microscopic
localization of a specific tissue substance.
histochemical Staining (Histochemistry)
*Perl’s prussian blue reaction for __
hemoglobin
*Periodic Acid Schiff staining for _carbohydrates
carbohydrates
*In enzyme histochemistry,
*the active reagent serves as a substrate upon which the
enzymes act,
*the final opacity or coloration produced from the
substrate rather than the tissue
Histochemical Staining (Histochemistry)
*A combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected
and demonstrated under the microscope.
1
2
Immunohistochemical Staining
*flourescent labeled
* enzyme-labeled antibodies
*The process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions
1
2
3
Direct Staining
(methylene blue, eosin)
*The process whereby the action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent or mordant, which serves as a link or bridge between the tissue and the dye, to make the
staining reaction possible.
Indirect Staining
*Example of mordants:
- potassium alum with hematoxylin in Ehrlich’s hematoxylin,
- iron in Weigert’s hematoxylin
*Does not participate in the staining reaction, but it accelerates
or hastens the speed of the staining reaction by increasing the
staining power and selectivity of the dye.
Indirect Staining
* Accentuator
*Examples of accentuators:
- potassium hydroxide in Loeffler’s methylene blue and
- phenol in carbol thionine and carbol fuchsin
*The process by which tissue elements are stained in a
definite sequence
Progressive Staining
- the staining solution is applied for specific periods of
time or until the desired intensity of coloring of the
different tissue elements is attained.
Progressive Staining
*The tissue is first overstained to obliterate the cellular
details, and the excess stain is removed or decolorized
from unwanted parts of the tissue, until the desired
intensity of color is obtained
Regressive Staining
*Is the selective removal of excess stain from the tissue
during regressive staining.
Differentiation (Decolorization)
*Usually done by washing the section in simple solution (water
or alcohol), or by the use of acids or oxidizing agents.
Differentiation (Decolorization)
– tissue stains in color shades that are
similar to the color of the dye itself.
orthochromatic
entails the use of
specific dyes which differentiate particular substances by
staining them with a color that is different from that of
the stain itself (__)
Metachromatic staining technique
- metachromasia
Metachromatic Staining
1
2
3
4
5
- for staining cartilage,
- connective tissues,
- epithelial mucins,
*mast cell granules, - amyloid
