Stains and IHC

Question 1

IHC marker for:
- Carcinoma

Answer 1

Cytokeratin

Question 2

IHC marker for:
- Sarcoma

Answer 2

Vimentin
Same as melanoma, mesothelioma

Question 3

IHC marker for:
- Melanoma

Answer 3

Ki67
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferation markers
Vimentin - (same as sarcoma, mesothelioma)
Melan-A

Neuron-specific enolase (if amelanotic)

Question 4

IHC marker for:
- Rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 4

Desmin

Question 5

IHC marker for:
- Leimyosarcoma

Answer 5

Desmin

Smooth muscle actin

Question 6

IHC marker for:
- T-cell lymphoma

Answer 6

CD3

Question 7

IHC marker for:
- B-cell lymphoma

Answer 7

CD73a

Question 8

IHC marker for:
- GIST

Answer 8

CD117 (KIT)
Same as MCT

Question 9

IHC marker for:
- Schwannoma (STS)

Answer 9

Melan-A

Question 10

IHC marker for:
- MCT

Answer 10

CD117 (KIT) - same as GIST. Ass. w. tumour grade, recurrence and death
PCNA
Ki-67 - prognostic for reduced survival and increased local recurrence

Question 11

IHC marker for:
- amelanotic melanoma

Answer 11

Neuron-specific enolase - same as neuroendocrine tumours

S-100

Question 12

IHC marker for :
- neuronal/neuroendocrine

Answer 12

Neuron-specific enolase - same as amelanotic melanoma

Question 13

IHC marker for:
- Haemangiosarcoma

Answer 13

Factor VIII-related Ag (vWF)

Question 14

IHC marker for:
- Histiocytic tumour

Answer 14

CD-18
Lysozyme

Question 15

IHC marker for:
- Ovarian granulosa cell tumours

Answer 15

Alpha-inhibins

Question 16

IHC marker for:
- Mammary tumours

Answer 16

Ki-67 - prognostic for reduced survival and increased local recurrence
p53
HER 2 - correlated with COX-2 expression (worse prognosis)
BRCA
RAD51
VEGF
CD44
Phosphase and Tensin

Question 17

IHC marker for:
- Mesothelioma

Answer 17

Cytokeratin
Vimentin IHC

Question 18

Stain for:
- Osteosarcoma

Answer 18

ALP

Question 19

Stain for:
- Chylothorax

Answer 19

Sudan Black

Question 20

Stain for:
- Saliva/mucin

Answer 20

Periodic Acid Shiff

Question 21

Stain for:
- Liposarcoma

Answer 21

Oil Red O

Question 22

Stain for:
- MCT

Answer 22

Romanowsky Stains (Diff-Quick, Hemacolour, May-Grunwald-Giemsa)
Toluidine blue

Question 23

What are AgNORs?

What does their presence indicate?

How are they stained?

Answer 23

Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser regions
AgNORs are present in MCT and mammary carcinoma

Increased mortality, local recurrence and decreased survival

Silver-based stains

Question 24

Stain for:
- Mycoplasmal organisms

Answer 24

Giemsa, Wright or Leishmann stains

Question 25

Stain for: - Starch granules

Answer 25

Iodine staining Polarised light microscopic examination

Question 26

Stain for: - Mycobacetrium

Answer 26

Ziehl-Neelsen (acid fast stain)

Question 27

Stain for: - fungal arthritis

Answer 27

Sabourauds agar culture

Question 28

Test for fungal osteomyelitis

Answer 28

Latex-agglutination testing for antigen - cryptococcosis Serum antigen detection - blastomycosis and coccidioidomycosis

Question 29

Test for Neospora/Toxoplasma

Answer 29

Serum antibody titres

Question 30

Test for uroabdomen

Answer 30

Fluid : serum creatinine - >2:1 Fluid : serum potassium - >1.5x (dogs), >1.9x (cats)

Question 31

Test for bile

Answer 31

Fluid : serum bilirubin - >2:1 Basophilic mucinous sediment Halls stain Ictotest is inaccurate

Question 32

Diagnosing septic peritonitis: - fluid analysis - chemical analysis - cytology

Answer 32

Fluid analysis: - TP >3.0 - Cell count 5000-50,000+ cells/uL - SG >1.013 Chemical analysis: - Glucose <2.78 mmol/L (<50mg/dL) - Blood-to-fluid glucose difference >1.12 mmol/L (>20mg/dL) Cytology: - Toxic and degenerative neutrophils +/- intracellular bacteria/vegetable matter

Question 33

Diagnosing aseptic peritonitis: - fluid analysis - chemical analysis - cytology

Answer 33

Fluid analysis (similar to septic): - TP >3.0 - Cell count >5000 cells/uL - SG >1.013 Chemical analysis: - Glucose >2.78 mmol/L (>50mg/dL) Cytology: - Nondegenerative neutrophils - No bacteria/vegetable matter +/- crystals (starch)

Question 34

Diagnosing chyloperitoneum: - fluid analysis - chemical analysis - cytology

Answer 34

Gross appearance - milky pink/creamy white, opaque Fluid analysis: - cell count 1000-17000 cells/uL Chemical analysis: - Cholesterol - fluid < serum - Triglycerides - fluid > 3x serum Cytology: - Nondegenerative neutrophils - Lymphocytes, macrophages, mesothelial cells

Question 35

IHC for Pheochromocytoma

Answer 35

Chromogranin A and Synaptophysin

Question 37

IHC for differentiation between benign and malignant tumours of perianal gland

Answer 37

PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) Ki-67 AgNORs