Stand 3 Topic 6: Rights and Responsiblities in Europe and Wider World Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
Cover a range of human rights - economic, social, cultural and political.
The SDGs aim to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, and justice.
What is an honour killing?
Killing of a relative - usually a girl or woman - who is thought to have ‘dishonoured’ or ‘shamed’ the family in some way.
This practice is often rooted in cultural beliefs regarding family honor.
Define an asylum seeker.
An individual who is seeking international protection.
Countries with individualised procedures see an asylum seeker as someone whose claim has not yet been decided upon.
What is child mortality?
The death of children under the age of five, measured per 1,000 live births.
It is a critical indicator of a country’s ability to protect and promote the right to survival and development.
What is conditional aid?
Financial assistance provided by one country or organisation to another, with specific requirements or conditions attached.
This type of aid often aims to promote certain policies or behaviors.
What is a convention in legal terms?
A legal agreement between two or more states.
Ratifying a convention means a state commits itself to its values and instructions.
Define corporal punishment.
Physical punishment (e.g. slapping or hitting).
This practice is often debated in terms of its legality and morality in various cultures.
What are cultural fault lines?
Divisions or conflicts within a society or between countries that arise from differing cultural values, beliefs, or practices.
These can lead to misunderstandings and tensions between groups.
What is cultural imperialism?
The domination of one culture over another, often resulting in the erosion or suppression of the cultural values, traditions, and practices of the dominated culture.
This concept highlights power dynamics in cultural exchanges.
Define cultural relativism.
An ethical theory that holds that all beliefs, values, and practices are culturally determined and should be understood within the context of their respective cultures.
This theory promotes understanding and tolerance of different cultural practices.
What are de facto authorities?
Individuals or groups that exercise control over a territory or government without legal or formal recognition.
These authorities often arise in situations of conflict or instability.
What characterizes a developing country?
Low standard of living, underdeveloped industrial base, and moderate/low rating on the human development index (HDI).
The HDI measures poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy and other indicators of development.
What are economic migrants?
Someone who leaves their country of origin purely for financial and/or economic reasons.
They do not qualify for refugee status as they are not fleeing persecution.
Define equity.
The concept of fairness and justice in the distribution of resources and opportunities.
It focuses on ensuring equal access to opportunities and outcomes regardless of circumstances.
What is essentialism?
The belief that things have inherent, fixed, and unchanging qualities that define their true nature.
This often leads to generalizations about groups or categories.
What does Eurocentric mean?
An approach that places a central focus on European culture, history, and values, often to the exclusion or marginalisation of other cultures.
This perspective can lead to a limited understanding of global diversity.
What is the European Convention on Human Rights?
Developed by the Council of Europe, it protects the rights of all citizens living within the 47 member states that signed and ratified it.
This convention is a cornerstone of human rights law in Europe.
Define female genital mutilation (FGM).
Practice of injuring or removing female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
FGM is recognized as a violation of human rights and has significant health risks.
What is genocide?
Deliberate killing of a group of people or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group.
Genocide is considered one of the gravest violations of human rights.
What is the Gini coefficient?
Tool used to measure inequality (e.g. of income, wealth or consumption) within a country or region.
A Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect equality, while a coefficient of 1 indicates perfect inequality.
What is the Human Development Index?
A composite measure used to assess and compare the level of development and wellbeing of different countries, considering health, education, and standard of living.
It reflects factors related to human rights and quality of life.
What is an international treaty?
An agreement between states designed to produce legal effects in their mutual relations.
These treaties can cover a wide range of issues including human rights.
What does ‘living instrument’ refer to in the context of human rights?
Refers to the ECHR evolving over time to address contemporary societal changes, ensuring the continued relevance and effectiveness of human rights protection.
This concept allows for dynamic interpretation of human rights standards.
Define ‘multifaceted’.
Having many different aspects, elements, or dimensions that are interconnected and contribute to the complexity of a particular issue.
This term is often used in discussions about complex social or political issues.
