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Human Osteology > Standard Anatomical terms > Flashcards

Standard Anatomical terms Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

left/right

A

sides of the subject being observed

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2
Q

cranial skeletal anatomy

A

anatomy of the skull

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3
Q

postcranial anatomy

A

anatomy of the rest of the skeleton

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4
Q

axial skeleton

A

bones of the trunk

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5
Q

appendicualr skeleton

A

bones of the limbs

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6
Q

sagittal/midsagittal/median/midline plane

A

plane that divides the body into symmetrical right/left

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7
Q

parasagittal section

A

plane that parallels the sagittal plane

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8
Q

coronal/frontal plane

A

plane that divides the

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9
Q

transverse/horizontal plane

A

plane that divides at any height, always perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes

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10
Q

orthograde

A

trunk upright

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11
Q

pronograde

A

trunk horizontal

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12
Q

superior

A

toward the head

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13
Q

inferior

A

away from the head

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14
Q

anterior

A

towards the front of the body

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15
Q

posterior

A

towards the back of the body

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16
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

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17
Q

lateral

A

opposite of medial, away from the midline of the body

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18
Q

proximal

A

nearest the axial skeleton

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19
Q

distal

A

farthest from the axial skeleton

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20
Q

external

A

outer

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21
Q

internal

A

inside

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22
Q

endocranial

A

inner surface of the cranial vault

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23
Q

ectocranial

A

outer surface of the cranial vault

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24
Q

superficial

A

close to the surface

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25
deep
far from the surface
26
subcutaneous
just below the skin
27
mesial
toward the midline point of the dental arch
28
distal
opposite of mesial
29
lingual
toward the tongue
30
labial
toward the lips
31
buccal
towards the cheeks
32
interproximal
in contact with adjacent teeth in the same jaw
33
occlusal
facing the opposing dental arch
34
35
incisal
the biting edge of the incisors
35
mesiodistal
axis running from mesial to distal
36
buccolingual/labiolingual
axis running from labial or buccal to lingual
37
palmar
palm side of the body
38
plantar
sole of the foot
39
dorsal
top of the foot or back of the hand
40
flexion
bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts
41
extension
straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts
42
abduction
movement away from the sagittal plane
43
adduction
movement toward the sagittal plane
44
circumduction
combination of abduction and adduction as well as flexion and extension
45
rotation
motion that occurs as one body part turns on an axis
46
opposition
motion in which body parts are brought together
47
pronation
rotary motion of the forearm inward
48
supination
rotary motion of the forearm outward
49
dorsiflexion
flexion of the entire foot away from the ground
50
planterflexion/volarflexion
flexion of the entire foot toward the ground at an angle
51
eversion
turning of the sole of the foot outward, also known as pronation of the foot
52
inversion
turning the sole of the foot inward, also known as supination of the foot
53
process
a bony prominence
54
eminence
a bony projection; not as prominent as a process
55
spine
a longer, thinner, sharper process than an eminence
56
tuberosity
a large, rough eminence of variable shape
57
tuberae
a small, usually rough eminence, often a site of tendon or ligament attachment
58
trochanters
two large, prominent, blunt processes found on the femur
59
mallolus
rounded protuberance adjacent to the ankle joint
60
boss
a smooth, round, broad eminence
61
articulation
an area where adjacent bones are in contact at a joint
62
condyle
a rounded articular process
63
epicondyle
a nonarticular projection adjacent to a condyle
64
head
a large, rounded usually articular end of a bone
65
shaft/diaphysis
the long, straight section between the ends of a long bone
66
epiphysis
usually the end portion or extremity of a long bone
67
neck
the section of a bone between the head and the shaft
68
torus
a bone thickening
69
ridge
a linear bony elevation, often roughened
70
crest
a prominent, usually sharp and thin ridge of bone; often formed between adjacent muscle masses
71
line
a raised linear surface, not as thick as a torus or as sharp as a crest
72
hamulus
a hook-shaped projection
73
facet
a small articular surface or a tooth contact
74
fossa
a depressed area, usually broad and shallow
75
fovea
a pit-like, depressed area, usually smaller than a fossa
76
groove
a long pit or furrow
77
sulcus
a long, wide groove
78
fontanelle
a space between cranial bones of an infant
79
suture
where adjacent bones of the skull meet
80
foramen
an opening through a bone, usually a passage for blood vessels and nerves
81
canal
a tunnel-like, extended foramen
82
meatus
a short canal
83
sinus
a cavity within a cranial bone
84
alveolus
a tooth socket

Human Osteology (2 decks)

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