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Astr122 > Star Evolution > Flashcards

Star Evolution Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What temperature are O type stars

A

25’000 K -50’000 K

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2
Q

What temperature are B type stars

A

10’000 K - 25’000 K

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3
Q

What temperature are A type stars

A

7’400 K - 10’000 K

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4
Q

What temperature are F type stars

A

6’000 K - 7’400 K

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5
Q

What temperature are G type stars

A

5’000 K - 6’000 K

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6
Q

What temperature are K type stars

A

3’500 K - 5’000 K

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7
Q

What temperature are M type stars

A

3’000 K

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8
Q

What is the phrase for the spectral classification

A

Oh Be A Fine Girl Kiss Me

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9
Q

What is the reaction for the proton proton chain?

A

4 H —> He + 6y + 2Ve

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10
Q

How does a CNO cycle differ from a PP reaction?

A

Produces the same overall reaction (4 H —> He + 6y + 2Ve) but uses CNO (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) as catalysts

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11
Q

At what temperatures is the turning point for CNO & PP?

A

18*10^6 K

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12
Q

What is the scientific notation for nano?

A

10^-9

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13
Q

How to convert degree to arc minutes?

A
  • 60 (60 arc minutes in a degree)
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14
Q

What is the size of the sun relative to earth?

A

32 arc minutes

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15
Q

What are the branches of a low mass star < 2.25 M in order?

A

Red giant > Horizontal > asymptotic giant

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16
Q

What mass is the determining factor for a helium flash?

A

Cores above 2.25 M will stably fuse helium, while cores below will have a helium flash

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17
Q

What stars won’t fuse helium?

A

< 0.5 M

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18
Q

What is the turning point for a high mass star and a low mass star?

A

10M

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19
Q

What is the difference between type I and type II

A

Type I supernova occur when the mass of a white dwarf exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit.

Type II supernova occour when a massive star collapses under its own gravity

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20
Q

What does it mean if two binary stars have different size dips?

Study These Flashcards
A

The surface temperatures differ

21
Q

What does it mean if the light curve of a binary star isn’t a sharp curve?

Study These Flashcards
A

The radius are not equal

22
Q

What is Kepler’s first law?

Study These Flashcards
A

Orbits are elliptical

23
Q

What is Keplers 2nd law?

Study These Flashcards
A

Equal area covered in equal times

24
Q

What is Keplers 3rd law?

Study These Flashcards
A

P^2 / a^3 = (M1 + M2)

25
How does the ratios of binary stars effect there properties?
The ratios of binary stars are constant for mass, semi major axis & velocity
26
What occours in a type I supernova?
A type I supernova is when the Chandrasekhar limit is exceeded, meaning the electron degeneracy pressure cannot counter the stars gravitational forces, causing the star collapse and release a huge amount of energy
27
Why can type I supernovas be used as standard candles?
Type I supernovas have a very consistent absolute magnitude, as the Chandrasekhar limit is constant and so all stars will be of equal mass when they collapse under their own gravity. Producing the same amount of energy.
28
What is the Chandrasekhar limit?
The Chandrasekhar limit is the theoretical limit for the maximum mass of a white dwarf for which its electron degeneracy pressure is balanced against the stars gravitational force
29
Why are cepheids used as standard candles?
Cepheids are pulsating variable stars, which go through consistent cycles of varying luminosity. The period of these cycles is proportional to the cepheids average absolute magnitude, knowing it’s apparent magnitude, we can calculate distance
30
What stars can be a Cepheid variable?
Stars above 2 solar masses
31
What stars classify as a Cepheid variables?
Stars between 10^2 - 10^5 solar luminosity’s, & F6-K2 spectral class
32
In what order do the sun spectral classes go?
9-0, 9 being the coolest and 0 being the hottest for said class
33
What are some basic properties of the photosphere?
Where nearly all light is emitted. With a depth of 500km, this is where gas is rising and falling (convection) edge of the sun is dimmer in the photosphere as it is where the sun is most shallow. This is also where sun spots are found
34
What are the major inner layers of the sun?
Core > Radiative Zone > Convective Zone
35
What are the 3 main layers of the suns atmosphere in order?
Photosphere > chromosphere > Corona
36
What is the chromosphere?
The chromosphere is a layer of the suns atmosphere above the photosphere. Which mostly comprises of high temperature hydrogen and helium filaments
37
What is the chromosphere?
The chromosphere is a patchy layer of the suns atmosphere above the photosphere. Which mostly comprises of high temperature hydrogen and helium filaments
38
What wavelengths does the chromosphere most prominent in?
Can be seen in wavelengths of hydrogen alpha & Calcium K. Due to the temperatures of the atoms being high enough for the base electrons, to allow for absorption of 656.3 Nm wavelengths. And re emitted in the chromosphere.
39
How does the density and temperature change as you move out of the atmosphere of the sun?
Density decreases but the kenetic energy increases meaning temperatures are higher
40
What is the corona?
Corona is the outer most atmosphere of the sun, consisting of high energy particles due to the high speeds, which as a result are also ionised
41
What causes coronal mass ejection?
When high energy particles in the corona interact with the magnetic field causing mass ejections of corona. This occours during a solar maximum where the poles of magnetic fields are close together, causing huge amounts of repulsion.
42
What frequencies do corona emit in?
UV and X-ray, due to there high energy nature.l
43
How does a CME differ from a solar flare?
Solar flares produce high energy radiation, while Coronal mass ejections produce large high energy mass ejections
44
What is graduation?
Graduation is the bubbling pattern on the photosphere produced by convection of hot gas rising and cooling
45
How do ratios work? E.g. a 1:2 ratio with the high mass star being 2?
Ratios are the distribution of a total amount between two objects, so if something has a 1:2 ratio the object with 2 is always 2 times larger than the object with the single ratio, while a 2:3 ratio would mean an object with 3 would be 1/5 larger than the 2
46
What is absolute magnitude the measure of?
Luminosity
47
What are the major features of the sun?
Sun spots, dark filaments (seen in the chromosphere), plage (bright spots under magnetically active regions), granulation (bubbling pattern produced by convection)
48
What is the mass limit for a white dwarf?
1.4 solar masses

Astr122 (4 decks)

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