Starting Points In Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Flashcards
1
Q
people - common interest
A
Society
2
Q
heirarchy - level
A
Society
3
Q
government - institution
A
Society
4
Q
interaction
A
Society
5
Q
community - place
A
Society
6
Q
a social science that studies human societies, their interactions, and the processes that preserve and change them
A
Sociology
7
Q
it does this by examining the dynamics of constituent parts of societies such as institutions, communities, populations, and gender, racial, or age groups
A
Sociology
8
Q
deals with the study of human beings in their social cultural, and biological context
A
Anthropology
9
Q
examines how humans interact with each other and with their environment, and they study the evolution of human societies, cultures, and behaviors over time
A
Anthropolgists
10
Q
is the systematic study of government and politics
A
Political Science
11
Q
it examines the theory and practice of politics, focusing on the allocation and transfer of power in decision-making, the roles and systems of governance, political behavior, and public policies
A
Political Science
12
Q
focus on understanding human society and behavior through scientific methods
A
Social Science
13
Q
study of human society, its structure, and social relationships
A
Sociology
14
Q
study of human cultures, societies, and their development
A
Anthropology
15
Q
study of the human mind and behavior
A
Psychology
16
Q
study of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services
A
Economics
17
Q
study of government, politics, and political behavior
A
Political Science
18
Q
study of the earth’s surface, its features, and human interaction with it
A
Geography
19
Q
study of past events, often using scientific methods (though it can also be considered a humanities discipline)
A
History
20
Q
focus on understanding the human condition through critical analysis and interpretation
A
Humanities
21
Q
study of written works and their meaning
A
Literature
22
Q
study of past events, often focusing on interpretation and meaning
A
History
23
Q
study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, and reason
A
Philosophy
24
Q
study of beliefs, practices, and institutions related to the supernatural
A
Religion
25
study of human languages, their structure, and evolution
Languages
26
study of the history and development of visual arts
Art History
27
study of music, its history, and its theory
Music
28
is the scientific study of human society, its structure, and social relationships. It examines how individuals, groups, and institutions interact and influence each other
Sociology
29
how society is organized, including social classes, institutions (family, education, religion, government), and social roles
Social Structure
30
how people interact with each other, including communication, relationships, and group dynamics
Social Interaction
31
how societies evolve, including factors like technology, culture, and social movements
Social Change
32
issues affecting society, such as poverty, inequality, crime, and environmental problems
Social Problems
33
special POVs of Sociology
Sociological Perspective
34
Sociological Perspective providing key concepts such as:
- Social Location
- Marginalization
- Power and Inequality
35
the ability to look at a specific situation or individual and recognize the broader patterns or trends that it reflects
seeing the general in the particular
36
Example: you notice a person begging for money on the street. Seeing the general in particular here involves recognizing this individual experience as part of a larger issue of poverty and social inequality
seeing the general in the particular
37
by ______, sociologists can gain a deeper understanding of how social structures and forces shape individual lives
seeing the general in the particular
38
it allows them to move beyond personal anecdotes and isolated incidents to identify broader patterns at play in society
seeing the general in the particular
39
the ability to question and examine the everyday aspects of our lives as if we’re encountering them for the first time or from an outsider’s perspective
seeing the strange in the familiar
40
Example: we might not question the daily commute to work, but seeing the strange in the familiar could involve recognizing the large amount of time and resources dedicated to this activity in modern society
seeing the strange in the familiar
41
by __________, sociologist can challenge assumptions and gain a deeper appreciation for the social construction of our everyday lives
seeing the strange in the familiar
42
it encourages us to be more critical thinkers and question the norms and routines we take for granted
seeing the strange in the familiar
43
the ability to see the connection between personal experiences and larger social forces
Sociological Imagination
44
a way of thinking that helps us understand our lives in terms of individual choices and circumstances and the context of history, social structures, and cultural norms
Sociological Imagination
45
Sociological Imagination providing key concept such as:
- piecing together the micro and macro
- questioning the obvious
- seeing the possibilities to social change
46
the special point of view of sociology that sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people
Sociological Perspective by (Peter Berger, 1963)
47
quality of mind require for us to understand ourselves in relation to our society
Sociological Imagination by (C Wright Mills, 1959)
48
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
- Functionalism
- Conflict Theory
- Symbolic Interactionism
49
sees society as a system of interconnected parts working together for stability
Functionalism
50
focuses on inequality and power struggles within society
Conflict Theory
51
emphasizes the role of symbols and meaning in social interactions
Symbolic Interactionism
52
is the comprehensive study of humans, exploring their biological and cultural aspects across time and space. It delves into the complexities of human society, culture, language, and biology to understand what makes us human
Anthropology
53
focuses on the diverse cultures of human societies, their beliefs, customs, social structures, and how they adapt to different environments
Cultural Anthropology
54
investigates past human societies through the analysis of materials remains, such as artifacts, tools, and settlements
Archaeology
55
explores the development, structure, and use of language in human societies, examining how language shapes culture and thought
Linguistic Anthropology
56
studies the biological and evolutionary aspects of humans, including human origins, genetics, and primate behavior
Physical of Biological Anthropology
57
Etymologically, ______ is derived from the latin word cultura or cultus with means care or cultivation
Culture
58
means care or cultivation
cultura or cultus
59
the complex whole which include knowledge, belief, art, laws, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of society
Culture by (Edward B. Tylor)
60
collective behavior of men
Culture
61
acquired set of customs, traditions and mindset
Culture
62
transmitted across generations within societies
Culture
63
refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society
Culture
64
it includes everything rom language, religion, music, food, clothing, art, and architecture to social norms, rituals, and traditions.
Culture
65
shapes the way people view the world and interact with each other, and it is transmitted from one generation to the next through socialization and education
Culture
66
is a dynamic and complex concept that varies widely across different societies and is constantly evolving over time
Culture
67
is the complex web of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group of people. It’s the lens through which we perceive the world, shaping our thoughts, actions, and interactions
Culture
68
detailed descriptions of cultures based on fieldwork and participant observation
Ethnography
69
comparative study of different cultures to identify patterns and similarities
Ethnology
70
considering all aspects of human life, from biology to culture, to understand the whole picture
Holistic Perspective
71
came from the greek word “politika” - affairs of the cities
Politics
72
affairs of the cities
politika
73
is the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live (Andrew Heywood)
Politics
74
is a political entity that has its own government and is occupying its own territory
Country
75
has its own name and symbols to help differentiate them from other countries
Country
76
all countries have their own _____
National Identities
77
is the sense of a nation as a cohesive whole, as represented by distinctive traditions, culture, and language
National Identity
78
is freedom from external control or influence
Sovereignty
79
is the supreme authority within a territory
Sovereignty
80
politics and governance are by products of sovereignty
Sovereignty
81
without sovereignty, the two cannot exits
True
82
DEFENDING THE SOVEREIGNTY
the concept of defending sovereignty could mean going to war with other countries or external forces that are out to destroy the country and take over themselves
83
refers to human behavior with regard to matters related to government activities such as the formulation and execution of policies, creation of laws, selection of government officials; and negotiations with foreign governments and other entities or organizations
Politics
84
protection of territorial boundaries; preservation of cultural heritage and tradition; and upholding the public interest and welfare
Politics
85
is the systematic study of government and politics. It examines the theory and practice of politics, focusing on the allocation and transfer of power in decision-making, the roles and systems of governance, political behavior, and public policies
Political Science
86
KEY AREAS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
- Comparative Politics
- International Relations
- Political Theory
- Public Administration
87
examines different political systems and how they operate
Comparative Politics
88
focuses on the interactions between countries, including diplomacy, war, and international organizations
International Relations
89
explores the foundations of political thought and the nature of politics
Political Theory
90
examines the implementation of public policies
Public Administration
91
CORE CONCEPTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE
- Power
- Authority
- Legitimacy
- Sovereignty
- Democracy
92
the ability to influence or control the behavior of others
Power
93
legitimate power recognized by those it is exercised over
Authority
94
the belief that a government has the right to rule
Legitimacy
95
the supreme power of a state to govern itself
Sovereignty
96
a system of government where power is vested in the people
Democracy
97
are sets of beliefs, values, and principles about how society should be governed and organized. They offer a vision for the future and guide political action
Political Ideologies
98
emphasized individual rights, limited governments, and free markets
Liberalism
99
prioritizes tradition, social stability, and limited government intervention
Conservatism
100
advocates for economic and social equality through collective ownership and control of resources
Socialism
101
a radical form of socialism seeking to abolish private property and create a classless society
Communism
102
a far-right authoritarian ultranationalist ideology characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy
Fascism
103
is a set of ideas, beliefs, values and opinions, exhibiting a recurring pattern, that competes deliberately as well as unintentionally over providing plans of actions for public policy making in an attempt to justify, explain, contest, or change the social and political arrangements and processes of a political community
Political Ideology by (M. Freeden, 2001)
104
the word ideology came about during the French Revolution and was coined by ___________. It is the science of ideas
Antoine Tarcy
105
political ideologies are a system of beliefs about politics
Etymology
106
the role of political ideologies is to establish a set of ideas that can be used to provide the foundation of political organization
Etymology
107
3 FEATURES OF ALL POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
1. a realistic interpretation of society as it is currently
2. an idealized interpretation of society. Essentially a picture of what society should be like
3. an action plan on how to create a society that reflects the needs and wants of all its citizens. Essentially, a plan on how to get from number one to number two
108
emphasizes individual freedom civil rights, and democracy. It supports free markets and limited government intervention in the economy
Liberalism
109
emphasizes tradition, social order, and the importance of maintaining the status quo. It generally supports a smaller government, with a focus on economic and personal freedom
Conservatism
110
advocates for the collective ownership and control of production, distribution of goods and services. It emphasizes workers’ rights and social equality, and aims to eliminate poverty and unemployment
Socialism
111
Emphasizes nationalism, authoritarianism, and the idea that the state should have a strong role in society and the economy, often with a disregard for civil rights
Fascism
112
based on the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, and emphasizes class struggle, historical materialism, and the need for a socialist or communist revolution to achieve a classless society
Marxism
113
advocated for the abolition of the government and the state, and the creation of a society based on voluntary cooperation and mutual aid
Anarchism
