STAS 3

Question 1

human needs and wants.

Answer 1

Scientific Revolution

Question 2

call of the times and created

Answer 2

Brilliant minds

Question 3

people’s perceptions and beliefs.

Answer 3

Scientific Revolution

Question 4

Much of these events happened in a period now known as

Answer 4

Intellectual Revolution

Question 5

refer to the great intellectual achievements of science

Answer 5

Scientific Revolution

Question 6

the golden age for people

Answer 6

Scientific revolution

Question 7

The Scientific Revolution develops as an offshoot of the

Answer 7

Renaissance

Question 8

questioning spirit, traditional, natural world.

Answer 8

Renaissance

Question 9

Earth is at the center was supported during the Middle Ages

Answer 9

geocentric model

Question 10

were the only authorities accepted as truth

Answer 10

the Bible and Aristotle

Question 11

taught that the Earth was the center of the universe.

Answer 11

Ptolemy

Question 12

was supported by the Church

Answer 12

geocentric theory

Question 13

refers to complex technological innovations from 1750 to 1895, marking the birth of modern economy.

Answer 13

Industrial revolution

Question 14

fueled a great deal of scientific research because of technology needed for navigation

Answer 14

 Age of Exploration

Question 15

• was a Polish mathematician and astronomer who studied in Italy.
• published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres).
• The universe is heliocentric, or sun-centered.

Answer 15

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 16

Copernicus’ model of the solar system:

Answer 16

1. Sun
2. Moon
3. Mercury
4. Venus
5. Earth
6. Mars
7. Jupiter
8. Saturn

Question 17

came to these conclusions using mathematical formulas.

Answer 17

• Copernicus

Question 18

marked the start of modern science and astronomy.

Answer 18

Copernican conception of the universe

Question 18

• the Danish astronomer
• provided evidence that supported Copernicus’ heliocentric theory.
• astronomical observatory
• the stars and planets.

Answer 18

Tycho Brahe

Question 19

• Most scholars rejected his theory because it went against Ptolemy, the Church, and because it called for the Earth

Answer 19

rotate on its axis.

Question 20

• the German astronomer and mathematician
• used Brahe’s data to calculate the orbits
• oval shaped orbits

Answer 20

Johannes Kepler

Question 21

• who built upon the scientific foundations laid by Copernicus and Kepler.
• first telescope
• rotated around the sun.
• discovered fall at the same speed regardless of weight
• fixed and unmoving.
• recanted
• house arrest not allowed to publish his ideas.

Answer 21

Galileo Galilei

Question 22

• who built upon the work of Copernicus and Galileo.
• most influential scientist of the Scientific Revolution
• prove the existence of gravity
• laws of light and color
• laws of motion
• He invented calculus

Answer 22

Sir Isaac Newton

Question 23

• Studied medicine at Edinburgh, theology at Cambridge
• developed the biological theory of evolution
• observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants
• patterns he’d seen on his voyage

Answer 23

Charles Darwin

Question 24

explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time through descent from common ancestors

Answer 24

evolution

Question 25

- To find an explanation for change in nature, Darwin studied the changes produced by plant and animal breeders - natural variation provided the raw material for evolution

Answer 25

Artificial Selection

Question 26

* From Malthus’ theory of supply and demand, Darwin reasoned that if more individuals are produced than can survive, they will have to compete for food, living space and other necessities of life

Answer 26

Struggle for Existence

Question 27

* Ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called

Answer 27

FITNESS

Question 28

- noticed that people were being born faster than people were dying - He observed that most organisms produce many more offspring than survive.

Answer 28

Thomas Malthus

Question 29

* the slow and gradual process by which living organisms have changed from the simplest unicellular form to the most complex multi-cellular forms that are existing today.

Answer 29

ORGANIC EVOLUTION

Question 29

is the study that explains human behavior.

Answer 29

* Psychoanalysis

Question 30

* An Austrian Neurologist who became fascinated with studying hysteria. * Father of psychoanalysis. * Psychology was considered more of an art rather than a science. * Psychoanalysis

Answer 30

Sigmund Freud

Question 31

– like the top of the iceberg, only a small portion of our mind is accessible to us.

Answer 31

1. Conscious mind

Question 32

material that is unconscious, but can be easily brought into awareness. Moves back & forth easily between conscious & unconscious.

Answer 32

2. Preconscious mind

Question 33

is completely outside of our awareness (could produce anxiety if made conscious).

Answer 33

3. Unconscious mind

Question 34

Levels of Consciousness: Iceberg theory

Answer 34

1. Conscious mind 2. Preconscious mind 3. Unconscious mind

Question 35

“pleasure principle” unconscious impulses that want to be gratified, without regard to potential punishment. * Original Core of an Individual personality * Biological Driven * Primarily Unconscious

Answer 35

* Id

Question 36

“reality principle” – tries to satisfy id impulses while minimizing punishment & guilt. - Self- Identity which arises out of ID - It controls voluntary motion and self- reservation behavior

Answer 36

Ego

Question 36

consists of thoughts that focus on the present state of the mind

Answer 36

Conscious mind

Question 36

the “moral principle” of our personality which tells us right from wrong our conscience. - Developing out of the Ego - Serves as conscience

Answer 36

Superego

Question 37

consists of primitive desires, wishes or impulse which is mediates by the preconscious mind

Answer 37

Subconscious mind

Question 38

consists of what can be retrieved from the memory

Answer 38

Preconscious mind