States of Matter Flashcards
(17 cards)
1
Q
What are the three states of matter?
A
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
2
Q
Describe particles in a solid
A
- Regular Arrangement
- Vibrate about a fixed position
- Particles are very close together
3
Q
Describe particles in a liquid
A
- Randomly Arranged
- Can flow and move around each other
- Particles are close together and still touch
4
Q
Describe particles in a gas
A
- Randomly Arranged
- Move quickly in all directions
- Particles are far apart
5
Q
Describe Melting
A
- Melting is when a solid changes into a liquid
- Heat / thermal energy absorbed by the particles is transformed into kinetic energy
- This causes the particles to vibrate more and start to move / flow
- Melting happens at a specific temperature, known as the melting point (m.p.)
6
Q
Describe Boiling
A
- Boiling and evaporation are both when a liquid changes into a gas
- In boiling, heat / thermal energy causes bubbles of gas to form inside the liquid, allowing for liquid particles to escape from the surface and within the liquid
- Boiling happens at a specific temperature, known as the boiling point (b.p.)
7
Q
Describe Freezing
A
- Freezing is when a liquid changes into a solid
- This is the reverse of melting and occurs at the same temperature as melting
- So, the melting point and freezing point of a pure substance are the same
- Freezing needs a significant decrease in temperature (or loss of thermal energy) and occurs at a specific temperature
8
Q
Describe Condensation
A
- Condensation occurs when a gas changes into a liquid on cooling and takes place over a range of temperatures
- When a gas is cooled its particles lose energy and when they bump into each other they lack the energy to bounce away again, instead, they group together to form a liquid
9
Q
Describe Evaporation
A
- Evaporation occurs over a range of temperatures
- It can happen at temperatures below the boiling point of the liquid
- Evaporation occurs only at the surface of liquids where high energy particles can escape from the liquid’s surface at low temperatures
- The larger the surface area and the warmer the liquid surface, the more quickly a liquid can evaporate
10
Q
Solvent
A
The liquid in which a solute dissolves
11
Q
Solute
A
The substance which dissolves in a liquid to form a solution
12
Q
Solution
A
The mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent
13
Q
Saturated Solution
A
A solution with the maximum concentration of solute dissolved in the solvent
14
Q
Soluble
A
Describes a substance that will dissolve
15
Q
Insoluble
A
Describes a substance that will not dissolve
16
Q
What is the unit of solubility?
A
g per 100 g of solvent
17
Q
What happens to the solubility of solids and gasses if temperature and pressure increases?
A
- As temperature increases, solids usually become more soluble and gases become less soluble.
- As pressure increases, gases become more soluble
