States of Matter Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
How are the particles arranged in a solid, and why?
The particles are arranged regularly and packed closely together. They can only vibrate about fixed positions and cannot move around. This is because there are strong forces of attraction between particles.
How are the particles arranged in a liquid and why?
The particles are still mostly touching, but there are some gaps. The forces between the particles are less effective, and the particles can move more freely around each other. THe particles are arranged randomly.
How are the particles arranged in a gas and why?
The particles in a gas are moving at a high speed in all directions . The particles are much further apart, and there are almost no force of attraction between them.
How does a solid become a liquid?
The solid is heated to its melting point, giving the particles more and more kinetic energy, causing them to vibrate so strongly that the forces of attraction can no longer hold them together.
How does a liquid become a solid?
The liquid is cooled to its freezing point, and the particles will start to move more and more slowly until the forces of attraction pack them together into a solid.
How does a liquid become a gas?
A liquid is heated until its boiling point, and the particles move so quickly that they overcome the forces of attraction. The stronger the forces of attraction in particles, the higher the boiling point of the substance.
How does a gas become a liquid?
A gas is cooled until it condenses, and the particles end up moving slowly enough that the forces of attraction start to pull them together to form a liquid.
What is evaporation?
When particles at the surface of a liquid gain enough kinetic energy to break away from the forces of attraction, and form a gas.
What is sublimation?
When a solid turns into a gas without any liquid in the process.
What is deposition?
When a gas turns into a solid without any liquid in the process
What is an example of a substance that sublimes?
Carbon dioxide- at ordinary pressures, there is no such thing as liquid carbon dioxide.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from where they are at a high concentration to where they are at a low concentration.
What is an example of diffusion with bromine gas?
Two gas jars with the lids in between them. One has bromine gas (brown) and the other nothing. Once you take the lids of the bromine will diffuse into the other jar until both jars are uniformly brown.
What is an example of diffusion with ammonia and hydrogen chloride?
Pieces of cotton wool are soaked in concentrated ammonia solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid. These are placed in the ends of a long glass tube with rubber bungs to stop the gases escaping. Ammonia particles and hydrogen chloride particles diffuse along the tube and a white ring of solid ammonium chloride forms where they meet.
Why is diffusion slower through a liquid?
The particles bounce off of each other more and the particles in a liquid move slower than those in a gas.
What is an example of diffusion in a liquid?
A small jar of potassium manganate is placed at the bottom of a glass jar of water. The colour of the potassium manganate will slowly diffuse through the water, causing the water to all be purple.
What is a solute?
the substance that dissolves
What is a solvent?
the liquid that the solute dissolves in
What is a solution?
The liquid formed after dissolving a solid in a liquid.
What is the definition of solubility?
The mass of solute which must dissolve in 100g of solvent at that temperature to form a saturated solution.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution which contains as much dissolved solid as possible at a particular temperature
What is a solubility curve?
The curve on a temperature/solubility graph. It can tell us information about the relation between the two e.g. knowing at what temperature a specific mass will dissolve.
