Statistical Flashcards
(29 cards)
DALY
Disability-adjusted life years.
- Health loss.
- Burden of disease or health condition.
- Time-based measure combining years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs) and years of healthy life lost due to disability (YLDs).
- One DALY represents the loss of the equivalent of one year of full health.
- Using DALYs, the burden of diseases that cause premature death but little disability (such as drowning or measles) can be compared to that of diseases that do not cause death but do cause disability (such as cataract causing blindness).
Mortality
number of deaths in a population. Mortality does not give a complete picture of the burden of disease borne by individuals in different populations.
Incidence
how commonly or frequently a disease occurs in a specified population over a period.
Prevalence
the numbers and proportions of people with disease
Survival
survival data are commonly described with the probability of being alive after a certain time after the diagnosis of a particular disease.
Cost of illness
the value of the resources that are expended or forgone as a result of a health problem
Poor prognosis
estimation of low chance of recovery from the disease.
SLE
stressful life event (i.e., maternal SLE, multiple SLE).
ACE
adverse childhood experiences.
ASH
ambulatory sensitive (avoidable) hospital admissions.
SUDI
sudden unexplained death in infancy.
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome (baby younger than 1 year).
PAM
potentially avoidable mortality; under 75 years.
* Preventable through population health interventions, before the disease occurs.
* Treatable/amenable through timely and effective interventions, after the disease has occurred, reduce fatality.
Health service utilisation
- Enrolment
- Access
- Engagement
- Culturally safe
Descent
biological ancestry and genealogy using definitions defined in legislation.
Ethnicity
self-reported cultural affiliation with an ethnic group, used in social and health research to classify individuals or populations.
Disaggregation
subgroup analysis; separate something into parts (i.e., ethnicity, sex).
Rate ratio
compares how common something is, like a disease, between two different groups. If the ratio is exactly 1, both groups are equally affected. If higher, it means the first group has the event happen more often.
Rate difference
how much more often something happens in one group compared to another. Number of times minus number of times in each group. The actual number of how many additional events.
Confidence interval
range of values we can expect the estimate to fall between if we redid the test 100 times, within a certain level of confidence (95%). The more people in a study, the smaller more accurate this “net” becomes.
Statistically significant
the finding is likely not due to chance.
Sampling error
a statistical error that occurs when an analyst does not select a sample that represents the entire population of data
Crude rates
with age standardisation allowing us to answer which diseases are the most common for Māori or which disease cause the greatest numbers of death for Māori.
Socio-economic disadvantage
Socio-economic advantage and disadvantage can be defined as people’s access to material and social resources, and their ability to participate in society.
Socio-economic disadvantage has been found to explain approximately half of ethnic inequity in mortality for Māori adult males, and just over 40% for Māori adult females.
