Statistics Flashcards Preview

CFE Advanced Higher Geography 2018-19 > Statistics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Statistics Deck (17)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

Statistics - Purpose (1)

A
  1. Is the study of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation and organisation of the data.
2
Q

The four types of data -

A
  1. Nominal
  2. Ordinal
  3. Interval
  4. Ratio
3
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

A null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between two or more variables.

4
Q

What is a descriptive statistic?

A

A descriptive statistic is used to analyse and represent data that has already been collected.

5
Q

Measures of Central Tendency - Purpose (1)

A
  1. To tell the middle point in a set of data (mean, median, mode)
6
Q

Measures of Central Tendency - Considerations and Limitations (1)

A
  1. If removing outliers need a good reason as could make data unpure
7
Q

Measures of Dispersion - Purpose (1)

A
  1. Describes the spread of data around a central value
8
Q

Chi-Squared Analysis - Purpose (2)

A
  1. Used to compare observed data with data that would be expected
  2. Can test associations between variables
9
Q

Chi-Squared Analysis - Considerations and Limitations (3)

A
  1. Data can be compared with significance tables
  2. Data must be in the form of frequencies
  3. Must have more than 20 data points
10
Q

Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient - Purpose (1)

A
  1. Measures the strength and direction of a relationship
11
Q

Spearman rank Correlation Coefficient - Considerations and Limitations (1)

A
  1. Was the sample used too small
12
Q

Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient - Purpose (1)

A
  1. Measures the strength of a linear relationship between two variables
13
Q

Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient - Considerations and Limitations (2)

A
  1. It assumes that there is a linear relationship between variables even if it doesn’t exist
  2. High degree of correlation does not mean close causal relationship
14
Q

Linear Regression Analysis - Purpose (1)

A
  1. Method of predictive analysis to determine linear relationship
15
Q

Linear Regression Analysis - Considerations and Limitations (1)

A
  1. Based on several assumptions
16
Q

Nearest-Neighbour Analysis - Purpose (1)

A
  1. To measure distributions and whether they are clustered, random or regular
17
Q

Nearest-Neighbour Analysis - Considerations and Limitations (2)

A
  1. Area boundaries are often subjective

2. Not very precise, there may be more than one cluster