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**DQE > Stats 2 Third Exam > Flashcards

Stats 2 Third Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What does Repeated Measures ANOVA / “Within Subjects Design” do?

A

Test to see if responses change over time OR Test significance between multiple simultaneous responses on the same item

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2
Q

What is most common within subjects design?

A

Pre-Post Design: O X O

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3
Q

Pre-post statistical test sometimes called

A

“Dependent t test” This is inaccurate.

Called “Dependent Test of Means”

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4
Q

What are the issues with within subjects designs?

A
  • Same people responding – impacts our measurements
  • Individuality differences
  • Start separating out error terms
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5
Q

What comprises a Repeated Measures ANOVA Model?

A
  • 1 fixed categorical (dependent) IV with 2 levels that will be repeated
  • 1 continuous random DV measured multiple times
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6
Q

What are assumptions of Repeated Measures designs?

A
  • R - random selection (not random assignment)
  • N - Normality of error term
  • H - Homogeneity of variance
  • D - Dependence (not independence)
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7
Q

What are potential methods of analysis for within subjects designs?

A
  1. Multiple dependent t tests
  2. Gain scores
  3. ANCOVA
  4. Univariate repeated measures
  5. Adjusted univariate repeated measures
  6. Multivariate repeated measures
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8
Q

Defining features of gain scores approach to analysis in within subjects design?

A
  1. Frequently used in pre-post
  2. Issues:
    a. Reliability issues
    b. Alpha issues
    c. However, Observed score is true score + error
    d. Assumes same reliability across measurements
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9
Q

Defining features of ANCOVA approach to analysis in within subjects design?

A
  1. No test of time

2. Violates assumption of independence (it’s the very thing we want to test)

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10
Q

Defining features of Univariate repeated measures approach to analysis in within subjects design?

A

Requires new assumption: Sphericity (symmetry)

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11
Q

What is assumption of sphericity?

A
  1. Deals with correlations among variables

2. Assumes correlation matrix will have equivalent values within it

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12
Q

Defining features of Adjusted univariate repeated measures approach to analysis in within subjects design?

A
  1. Adjusts for symmetry (through degrees of freedom)

2. Employs multiple tests (experimentwise alpha considerations)

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13
Q

Defining features of Multivariate repeated measures approach to analysis in within subjects design?

A
  1. Allows for non-symmetry
  2. Controls alpha
  3. One test
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14
Q

What are implications of testing the assumption of syphericity (Mauchly test)

A
  1. If meets symmetry, univariate approach

2. If does not, multivariate approach

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15
Q

What are three types of repeated measures?

A
  1. Time
  2. Response mode
  3. Persons unit (e.g., family)
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16
Q

What is a twice repeated design?

A

1) Pre-post-follow up.

2) Unit pre-post

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17
Q

In repeated measures, what are implications of unequal n?

A

Cannot work with unequal n. Excluded participants with missed observations.

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18
Q

What are defining features of repeated measures error terms?

A

Every factor and every interaction has its own error term.

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19
Q

Class example of a 2x2 fully repeated design

A

Child-parent, pre-post

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20
Q

What are defining features of a mixed model design?

A
  • 1 fixed categorical IV (between subjects)
  • 1 fixed categorical repeated IV (within subjects)
  • 1 continuous random DV
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21
Q

In an # x # mixed model design, 1st number represents

A

Non-repeated factor

22
Q

In a # x # mixed model design, 2nd number represents

A

Repeated factor

23
Q

In a # x # x # mixed model design, 2nd number represents

A
  • 1st refers to non-repeated factor
  • 3rd refers to repeated factor
  • Nothing in our language denotes what middle number represents
24
Q

What are assumptions of mixed model designs?

A
  • Homogeneity
  • Independence for some IVs
  • Dependence for some IVs
25
Q

Effect size for mixed model design?

A

Eta squared or partial eta squared

26
Q

Eta squared

A

SSH/SST

27
Q

Partial eta squared

A

SSH/SSH+SSE

28
Q

What is the relation between eta squared and partial eta squared?

A

Partial eta squared gives higher value and thus overestimates strength of association.
Eta squared is a more conservative estimate.

29
Q

What assumptions do you check in a mixed model design?

A

Homogeneity and sphericity first.

30
Q

If sphericity assumed

A

Look at sphericity assumed

31
Q

If mauchley test is significant

A

Look at multivariate or greenhouse geisser

32
Q

What post hocs should one examine in a mixed model design?

A

ONLY for main effects.

33
Q

When would one use a non-parametric test?

A
  1. Non-continuous DV
  2. Ordinal data
  3. Measurement reliability less than .60
34
Q

Does using non-parametric tests resolve issues associated with a small sample?

A

No. Still requires power analysis.

35
Q

What assumptions do non-parametric tests use?

A

R, I, D. Not N or H.

36
Q

What are defining features of Kreska Wallace test?

A

An analysis of mean ranks.

37
Q

What are defining features of Friedman test?

A

Used for pre-post-follow up or participant unit over time for non-parametric data.

38
Q

When should one use an Independent t test?

A

Fixed categorical IV with 2 levels (can also use 1-way ANOVA)

39
Q

When should one use a Dependent t test

A

Fixed categorical repeated IV with 2 levels

40
Q

When should one use a 1-way ANOVA?

A

Fixed categorical IV with 3 or more levels

41
Q

When should one use a 1-sample test of means?

A

Comparing sample to larger population

42
Q

When should one use a 2-way ANOVA?

A

2 fixed categorical IVs

43
Q

Number of hypotheses is determined by…

A

Number of IVs, not number of levels

44
Q

When should one use a Helmert contrast?

A

To compare 1st group vs everything else

45
Q

When should one use a Difference contrast?

A

To compare last group vs everything else

46
Q

When should one use a simple contrast?

A

To conduct pairwise comparisons

47
Q

When should one use a Polynomial contrast?

A

To test shape of lines and trends (e.g., linear, quadratic, cubic)

48
Q

When should one use a Mixed Model design?

A

1 or more fixed categorical IV, repeated

1 or more fixed categorical IV, non-repeated

49
Q

SSbetween =

A

Column mean - grand mean OR row mean - grand mean

50
Q

MS =

A

SS/df

51
Q

F =

A

MS/MS

**DQE (27 decks)

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