Stats & Research Methods Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
How many DV and IVs indicate using an Independent t-test? Do subjects do all treatments?
A
1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (2 levels)
No
2
Q
True or False? Data must be normally distributed to use an independent t-test?
A
True
3
Q
What test statistic is reported for independent t-tests?
A
t-statistic
4
Q
How many DV and IVs indicate using a Dependent t-test? Do subjects do all treatments?
A
1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (2 levels)
Yes
5
Q
True or False? Data must be normally distributed to use a dependent t-test?
A
True
6
Q
What test statistic is reported for dependent t-tests?
A
t-statistic
7
Q
How many DV and IVs indicate using a One-way ANOVA? Do subjects do all treatments?
A
1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
No
8
Q
True or False? Data must be normally distributed to use a One-way ANOVA?
A
True
9
Q
What test statistic is reported for a One-way ANOVA
A
F value
10
Q
How many DV and IVs indicate using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
A
1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
Yes
11
Q
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a one-way repeated measures ANOVA?
A
True
12
Q
What test statistic is reported for a one-way repeated measures ANOVA?
A
F value
13
Q
How many DV and IVs indicate using a two-way ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
A
1 Dependent Variable
2 Independent Variable (2+ levels)
No
14
Q
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a two-way ANOVA?
A
True
15
Q
What test statistic is reported for a two-way ANOVA?
A
F value
16
Q
How many DV and IVs indicate using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
A
1 Dependent Variable
2 Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes
17
Q
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a two-way repeated measures ANOVA?
A
True
18
Q
What test statistic is reported for a two-way repeated measures ANOVA?
A
F value
19
Q
How many DV and IVs indicate using a k-way ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
A
1 Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
No
(k=whole number greater than 2)
20
Q
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a k-way ANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
A
True
21
Q
What test statistic is reported for a k-way ANOVA?
k=whole number greater than 2
A
F value
22
Q
How many DV and IVs indicate using a k-way repeated measures ANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
A
1 Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes
(k=whole number greater than 2)
23
Q
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a k-way repeated measures ANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
A
True
24
Q
What test statistic is reported for a k-way repeated measures ANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
A
F value
25
How many DV and IVs indicate using a one-way MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
k Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
No
(k=whole number greater than 2)
26
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a one-way MANOVA?
True
27
What test statistic is reported for a one-way MANOVA?
Wilk's Lambda
28
How many DV and IVs indicate using a one-way repeated measures MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
k Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
Yes
(k=whole number greater than 2)
29
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a one-way repeated measures MANOVA?
True
30
What test statistic is reported for a one-way repeated measures MANOVA?
Wilk's Lambda
31
How many DV and IVs indicate using a two-way MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
k Dependent Variable
2 Independent Variable (2+ levels)
No
(k=whole number greater than 2)
32
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a two-way MANOVA?
True
33
What test statistic is reported for a two-way MANOVA?
Wilk's Lambda
34
How many DV and IVs indicate using a two-way repeated measures MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
k Dependent Variable
2 Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes
(k=whole number greater than 2)
35
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a two-way repeated measures MANOVA?
True
36
What test statistic is reported for a two-way repeated measures MANOVA?
Wilk's Lambda
37
How many DV and IVs indicate using a k-way MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
k Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
No
(k=whole number greater than 2)
38
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a k-way MANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
True
39
What test statistic is reported for a k-way MANOVA?
| k=whole number greater than 2
Wilk's Lambda
40
How many DV and IVs indicate using a k-way repeated measures MANOVA? Do Subjects do all treatments?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
k Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes
(k=whole number greater than 2)
41
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a k-way repeated measures MANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
True
42
What test statistic is reported for a k-way repeated measures MANOVA?
(k=whole number greater than 2)
Wilk's Lambda
43
How many DV and IVs indicate using a Mann-Whitney U? Do Subjects do all treatments?
1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (2 levels)
No
44
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a Mann-Whitney U?
False; Mann-Whitney U is a nonparametric test
45
What test statistic is reported for a Mann-Whitney U?
U
46
How many DV and IVs indicate using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test? Do Subjects do all treatments?
1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (2 levels)
Yes
47
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.
False; Wilcoxon is a nonparametric test
48
What test statistic is reported for a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test?
T
49
How many DV and IVs indicate using a Kruskal-Wallis test? Do Subjects do all treatments?
1 Dependent Variable
1 Independent Variable (>2 levels)
No
50
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a Kruskal-Wallis test?
False; Kruskal-Wallis is a nonparametric test
51
What test statistic is reported for a Kruskal-Wallis test?
H
52
How many DV and IVs indicate using a Friedman test? Do Subjects do all treatments?
1 Dependent Variable
k Independent Variable (2+ levels)
Yes
(k=whole number greater than 2)
53
True or False, Data must be normally distributed to use a Friedman test?
False; Friedman test is a nonparametric test
54
What test statistic is reported for a Friedman test?
Chi squared
55
What type of research design is used for descriptive research based on surveys
Mixed methods
56
What type of research design is used for descriptive research based on behavioral observation
Mixed methods
57
What type of research design is used for experimental research based on a quasi-experimental design?
Quantitative
58
What type of research design is used for experimental research based on a true experimental design?
Quantitative
59
What type of research design is used for correlation research?
Quantitative
60
What type of research design is used for ethnographic research?
Qualitative
61
What type of research design is used for phenomenological research?
Qualitative
62
What type of research design is used for case study research?
Mixed methods
63
What type of research design is used for narrative inquiry?
Qualitative
64
What type of research design is used for action research?
Mixed methods
65
What are research variables?
Specific aspects that are measured in other research studies based on the research question.
66
What is an operational definition?
A statement of how the research variable will be measured in the context of the specific research study.
67
What type of data are data that include a range of scores within an interval?
Continuous data
68
What type of data are data that are mutually exclusive and place subjects into specified groups?
Categorical data
69
What type of variable includes the grouping variable in the experimental research design?
Independent variable
70
What type of research design focuses on comparing group differences in which the groups studied cannot be manipulated or randomly assigned?
Quasi-experimental design
71
What type of research design focused on comparing group differences in which the groups studied are manipulated or randomly assigned?
True experimental design
72
What type of variable includes the measured variable or outcome in the experimental research design?
Dependent variable
73
What type of research design focuses on determining the relationship between two continuous variables or how much the predictor variable influences the criterion variable?
Correlation research design
74
What type of variable is used to explain the criterion or outcome variable in correlation research designs; otherwise known as the X variable?
Predictor variable
75
What type of variable is the variable that is being explained by the predictor variable in correlation research designs; otherwise known as the Y variable?
Criterion variable
76
True or false? Validity measures whether a test is measuring what is intended to be measured.
True
77
Reliability measures what?
The consistency of the test itself with respect to internal stability, stability over time, and stability of equivalency.
78
True or false? Internal validity is the degree to which the research findings and conclusions are related to the research design and methodology?
True
79
True or false? External validity is the generalizability of the research findings?
True
80
What are the characteristics of Internal validity?
Good scientific control, extraneous variables have been controlled, results can be attributed to the research design.
81
What are characteristics of External validity?
Ability to generalize back to larger population, applied research design, results can be applied to the field.
82
What type of research design answers research questions using quantifiable research variables, variables that are measured and can be assigned a numeric value, the comparisons or relationships are made based on the quantity of the variable?
Quantitative research
83
What type of research design focuses on understanding the current state of affairs in a specific setting?
Descriptive research
84
True or false? Descriptive research is more exploratory in nature and typically does not determine the underlying causes of the variables being examined?
True
85
What are the two most popular descriptive research designs used in health and human performance research?
Survey and behavioral observation
86
True or false, ranking items are items in which the respondent needs to choose a category that best answers the question?
False; that would be categorical items
87
True or false, categorical items are questions in which the respondent is provided a list of items and then asked to rank them in order of importance?
False; that would be ranking items
88
What type of research design deals wit using direct observation of behaviors in a natural setting, rather than relying on self-report data?
Behavioral observation (AKA systematic observation and analysis)
89
True or false, experimental research designs attempt to identify group differences of an outcome or dependent variable?
True
90
True or false, quasi-experimental design focuses on comparing group differences in which the groups within the research cannot be manipulated or randomly assigned?
True
91
True or false, you can identify a cause-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables in quasi-experimental design?
False, you cannot identify a cause-effect relationship.
92
True or false, quasi-experimental design focuses on comparing group differences in which the groups within the research are manipulated or randomly assigned?
False; that would be true experimental designs
93
What type of research design attempts to determine whether the way in which the independent groups were manipulated had an effect on the dependent variable?
True experimental design.
94
What are the two most common true experimental designs?
Posttest-only and pretest and posttest design
95
True or false, in correlation research, both variables are continuous in nature?
True; predictor and criterion variables
96
What type of research investigates the relationship between the X and Y variables or determine how much the X variable influences or relates to the Y variable?
Correlation research
97
True or false, you cannot imply causation from correlation research?
True
98
This research design has the following features: the relationship between two or more continuous research variables, variables are called predictor and criterion variables, sample size is a large N with a large range of scores; usually 25 per variable
Correlational research design
99
This research design has the following features: the effects of or differences between means of the dependent variable for the independent groups, variables are referred to as independent and dependent, sample size - a smaller sample size can be used.
Experimental research design
