status and power

Question 1

what are the 5 different types of power?

Answer 1

reward, referent, expert, legitimate, and coercive

Question 2

what is status?

Answer 2

an individual’s position in the group as

perceived by other people in that group

Question 3

what is power?

Answer 3

the extent to which an individual can
influence or control another individual’s thoughts,
feelings and behaviour.

Question 4

what is a group?

Answer 4

Two or more people who interact with each other, are

influenced by each other and who share a common purpose

Question 5

what is the Stanford prison experiment?

Answer 5

9 guards and 9 prisoners were assigned randomly. the prisoners were locked in cells and guards had to maintain order in the prison. The purpose of the experiment was to observe the behaviour of the innocent people being locked up, and the behaviour of the guards when given power.

Question 6

what was the IV (independent variable) and the DV (dependent variable) of the Stanford prison experiment?

Answer 6

the IV was whether they were assigned prisoner or guard, and the DV was the behaviour of the participants.

Question 7

what was the result of the Stanford prison experiment?

Answer 7

the guards became aggressive toward the prisoners, and the prisoners began to show signs of extreme stress and anxiety. the experiment ended after 6 days because of the behaviour of the prisoners, and the experimenter’s wife came in and expressed her opinion on the experiment, persuading Zimbardo to end the experiment.

Question 8

what ethical considerations were breached in the Stanford prison experiment?

Answer 8

no harm: the participants left with lasting mental harm
withdrawal rights: the participants felt they did not have the right to leave
debriefing: the participants weren’t appropriately debriefed after the experiment
beneficence: the participants did not benefit from the experiment, and there was no benefit to society

Question 9

what is obedience?

Answer 9

adhering to the instructions of authority figures or the rules or laws of society.

Question 10

what 3 factors affect obedience?

Answer 10

status of authority figure, proximity, and group pressure

Question 11

what was the Milgrim’s experiment?

Answer 11

40 male participants were selected to discover whether participants would obey an authority figure causing harm to another person. The participant (teacher) would ask the learner questions and with every wrong answer, they were ‘shocked’. the teacher thought that with every shock, the learner was being harmed.

Question 12

what was the result of the Milgrim’s experiment?

Answer 12

all 40 participants went up to at least 300 volts. 65% went up to the maximum shock level, 450 volts.

Question 13

what was the IV and the DV of the Milgrim’s experiment?

Answer 13

the IV was the proximity of the authority figure and the DV was the obedience of the teacher, measured by the shocks they administered.

Question 14

what ethical considerations were breached in the Milgrim’s experiment?

Answer 14

no harm, withdrawal rights, deception, debriefing

Question 15

what is reward power?

Answer 15

ability to provide the desired response/ reward

Question 16

what is coercive power?

Answer 16

ability to use an unpleasant

consequence (force)

Question 17

what is legitimate power?

Answer 17

power is given by a higher authority. It

may be due to role or position.

Question 18

what is expert power?

Answer 18

power is due to skills and depth of

knowledge

Question 19

what is referent power?

Answer 19

power comes from the desire to relate to

or be like the (powerful) person

Question 20

what is conformity?

Answer 20

the alignment of one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviour to match those of others or societal expectations as an attempt to fit in with them.

Question 21

what are social norms?

Answer 21

society’s unspoken rules and expectations regarding what’s normal, which mostly happens subconsciously.

Question 22

what is the asch experiment?

Answer 22

50 male students thought they were participating in a study on visual perception, however, it was to measure whether individuals would conform to a majority group. the group started to read the wrong answers to the questions to see if the participants would conform.

Question 23

what was the result of the asch experiment?

Answer 23

74% of participants conformed to the incorrect answers given by the group. 24% did not conform to the group at any point during the study and stated the correct answers

Question 24

what factors could affect conformity?

Answer 24

group size, unanimity, normative influence, social loafing, informational influence, culture, deindividuation

Question 25

Define the term EV

Answer 25

Extraneous variables that may produce unwanted results/ influence the results in an experiment

Question 26

What are the 7 ethical considerations?

Answer 26

The ethical considerations are voluntary participation, informed consent, withdrawal rights, confidentiality, deception, debriefing, no harm principle

Question 27

what is pro social behaviour?

Answer 27

behaviour that is intentionally and voluntarily performed in order to help another person or society

Question 28

why do people help others?

Answer 28

Environmental (nurture) - social rewards for helping another; a good reputation, personal satisfaction, friendships and so on. biological (nature)- importance of helping those in ones family and community as a means of evolutionary group survival.

Question 29

what factors influence pro social behaviour?

Answer 29

personal, situational, and social factors

Question 30

what is the bystander effect?

Answer 30

when the presence of other people in a situation reduces the chances of someone providing help as they assume someone else will.

Question 31

why does the bystander effect occur?

Answer 31

diffusion of responsibility, ambiguity, audience inhibition

Question 32

what is the Kitty Genovese case?

Answer 32

in the Kitty Genovese case, she was raped and stabbed outside her apartment building where 38 people saw or watched and chose not to help. this is an example of the bystander effect.

Question 33

What is bullying?

Answer 33

actively, intentionally and repeatedly causing an individual or group to experience distress due to physical, verbal or social means, causing the bully to have greater power.

Question 34

What are the different kinds of bullying?

Answer 34

Overt bullying, covert bullying and Cyber bullying

Question 35

What is overt bullying?

Answer 35

Overt bullying is visible forms of bullying, such as causing physical harm or name calling.

Question 36

What is covert bullying?

Answer 36

Indirect forms of bullying, such as excluding people from group events or talking about them behind their backs. Eg Invite everyone but one person.

Question 37

What is cyber bullying?

Answer 37

involves intentionally harmful behaviors or messages repeatedly in online spaces, such as on social media. Eg sending hurtful messages with the intention of harm.

Question 38

What effect does bullying have on health?

Answer 38

victims of bullying can experience severe physical and psychological effects like weakened immune system due to stress which can lead to illness. it can affect well being, self-esteem, and can even affect functioning at work or school.

Question 39

What is media?

Answer 39

The form in which information is spread throughout society.

Question 40

What is advertising?

Answer 40

The process of using media to persuade people to purchase commercial products

Question 41

what are the positive influences of advertisement?

Answer 41

provide information to protect us from harm, inform us about products and services to find good deals.

Question 42

what are the negative influences of advertisement?

Answer 42

misleading, can promote unhealthy lifestyle eg junk food, unrealisitc beauty standards

Question 43

what are the positive influences of social media?

Answer 43

accessible communication, social justice activism,

Question 44

what are the negative influences of social media?

Answer 44

distress due to unrealistic beauty standards, comparing yourself to others

Question 45

what are the situational factors effecting pro social behaviour

Answer 45

presence of others, phsyical proximity, risk, timing

Question 46

what are the personal factors affecting pro social behaviour?

Answer 46

empathy, mood, ability attributions

Question 47

what are the social factors affecting pro social behaviour?

Answer 47

social norms, reciprocity principle, social responsibility norm

Question 48

what is a control group?

Answer 48

a control group is randomly assigned and is a group of participants who do not receive the experimental treatment. They closely resemble the participants in the experimental group.