STD

Question 1

What does STD stand for?

Answer 1

Sexually Transmitted Disease.

Question 2

What does STI stand for?

Answer 2

Sexually Transmitted Infection.

Question 3

What are common symptoms of STDs?

Answer 3

Genital ulceration, rash, pain, swelling, dysuria, discharge, pelvic pain.

Question 4

What questions should be asked in an STD history?

Answer 4

Sexual partners, condom use, sexual practices, menstrual and obstetric history.

Question 5

Name three STDs that can also be transmitted non-sexually.

Answer 5

Hepatitis B, HIV, Molluscum Contagiosum.

Question 6

What is the causative organism of gonorrhea?

Answer 6

Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Question 7

What is the incubation period of gonorrhea?

Answer 7

2-5 days.

Question 8

What are symptoms of gonorrhea in men?

Answer 8

Dysuria, urinary frequency, penile discharge, swollen testicles, sore throat.

Question 9

What are symptoms of gonorrhea in women?

Answer 9

Vaginal discharge, dysuria, dyspareunia, lower abdominal pain.

Question 10

Are women with gonorrhea always symptomatic?

Answer 10

No, many women are asymptomatic.

Question 11

What are the investigations for gonorrhea?

Answer 11

Swabs for microscopy and culture, NAAT (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test).

Question 12

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

Answer 12

Ceftriaxone 1g IM + Azithromycin 1g orally.

Question 13

What is the causative organism of chlamydia?

Answer 13

Chlamydia trachomatis (Serotype D-K).

Question 14

What is the incubation period of chlamydia?

Answer 14

7-21 days, but can be longer.

Question 15

What are symptoms of chlamydia in women?

Answer 15

Abnormal vaginal discharge, dysuria, bleeding between periods, dyspareunia.

Question 16

What are symptoms of chlamydia in men?

Answer 16

Dysuria, mucoid penile discharge.

Question 17

What are complications of untreated chlamydia?

Answer 17

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy.

Question 18

What are the investigations for chlamydia?

Answer 18

NAAT, enzyme immunoassay, chlamydia cultures.

Question 19

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

Answer 19

Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 7 days or Azithromycin 1g single dose.

Question 20

What causes genital herpes?

Answer 20

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) types 1 and 2.

Question 21

How is HSV-1 usually acquired?

Answer 21

Orally, causing herpes labialis (cold sores).

Question 22

How is HSV-2 usually acquired?

Answer 22

Sexually, affecting the genitals.

Question 23

What is the incubation period for herpes?

Answer 23

2-20 days.

Question 24

What are symptoms of genital herpes?

Answer 24

Blisters/vesicles, headache, backache, itching, dysuria, flu-like symptoms, swollen glands, fever.

Question 25

Can herpes be transmitted from asymptomatic individuals?

Answer 25

Yes, it can spread even without visible symptoms.

Question 26

Why is the first herpes outbreak usually the worst?

Answer 26

The body has no pre-existing antibodies to the virus.

Question 27

Where does the herpes virus remain latent?

Answer 27

In the posterior root ganglion.

Question 28

What triggers herpes recurrences?

Answer 28

Stress, illness, immune suppression.

Question 29

What are the treatments for herpes?

Answer 29

Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir.

Question 30

Is there a cure for herpes?

Answer 30

No, but antiviral medications can manage symptoms.

Question 31

What is syphilis caused by?

Answer 31

Treponema pallidum.

Question 32

What is the primary symptom of syphilis?

Answer 32

Painless genital ulcer (chancre).

Question 33

How is syphilis diagnosed?

Answer 33

Serology (VDRL, RPR, TPHA, FTA-ABS).

Question 34

What is the treatment for syphilis?

Answer 34

Benzathine penicillin G IM.

Question 35

What is the causative organism of trichomoniasis?

Answer 35

Trichomonas vaginalis.

Question 36

What are symptoms of trichomoniasis?

Answer 36

Greenish-yellow frothy discharge, foul odor, vaginal itching, dysuria.

Question 37

How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?

Answer 37

Wet mount microscopy, NAAT, culture.

Question 38

What is the treatment for trichomoniasis?

Answer 38

Metronidazole 2g single dose or 500mg twice daily for 7 days.

Question 39

What is the causative organism of chancroid?

Answer 39

Haemophilus ducreyi.

Question 40

What are symptoms of chancroid?

Answer 40

Painful genital ulcer, inguinal lymphadenopathy.

Question 41

What is the treatment for chancroid?

Answer 41

Azithromycin 1g or ceftriaxone 250mg IM.

Question 42

What is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) caused by?

Answer 42

Chlamydia trachomatis (Serotypes L1, L2, L3).

Question 43

What are symptoms of LGV?

Answer 43

Painless genital ulcer, painful inguinal lymphadenopathy (buboes).

Question 44

What is the treatment for LGV?

Answer 44

Doxycycline 100mg twice daily for 21 days.

Question 45

What causes granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)?

Answer 45

Klebsiella granulomatis.

Question 46

What are symptoms of donovanosis?

Answer 46

Painless, beefy-red ulcer with granulation tissue.

Question 47

What is the treatment for donovanosis?

Answer 47

Azithromycin 1g weekly for 3 weeks.

Question 48

What causes pubic lice?

Answer 48

Pthirus pubis.

Question 49

How is pubic lice transmitted?

Answer 49

Sexual contact or contaminated clothing/bedding.

Question 50

What is the treatment for pubic lice?

Answer 50

Topical permethrin 1% or oral ivermectin.

Question 51

What causes scabies?

Answer 51

Sarcoptes scabiei mite.

Question 52

What are symptoms of scabies?

Answer 52

Intense itching (worse at night), burrows, papules, vesicles, pustules.

Question 53

What is the treatment for scabies?

Answer 53

5% permethrin cream or oral ivermectin.

Question 54

What causes molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 54

Molluscum contagiosum virus (poxvirus).

Question 55

What are symptoms of molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 55

Umbilicated flesh-colored papules.

Question 56

How is molluscum contagiosum treated?

Answer 56

Cryotherapy, electrodessication, podophyllotoxin cream.

Question 57

Which STDs are viral?

Answer 57

HIV, herpes, HPV, molluscum contagiosum, hepatitis B.

Question 58

Which STDs are bacterial?

Answer 58

Gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, chancroid, LGV, donovanosis.

Question 59

Which STDs are parasitic?

Answer 59

Trichomoniasis, scabies, pubic lice.

Question 60

What are complications of untreated STDs?

Answer 60

PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, systemic infections.