Stem cells - plants Flashcards
1
Q
Xylem and Phloem Sieve tubes
A
- Xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes form the transport systems of plants and are found throughout their roots and stems
2
Q
Where is the xylem and phloem formed?
A
- The xylem and phloem are formed from stem cells that are found in the tissue between them
- This tissue is known as the cambium
3
Q
What is the cambium?
A
- The cambium is a meristem, which is the term given to any undifferentiated tissue in a plant that has the ability to give rise to new cells
4
Q
Features of the cambium?
A
- In the roots and stems of plants, the stem cells at the inner edge of the cambium differentiate into xylem cells and the stem cells at the outer edge of the cambium differentiate into phloem cells
5
Q
Cambium & xylem
A
- Cambium cells that differentiate to form the xylem lose their cytoplasm, deposit lignin in their cell walls and lose their end cell walls
6
Q
Cambium & Phloem
A
- Cambium cells that differentiate to form the phloem lose some of their cytoplasm and organelles, and develop sieve plates (located at ends of the cells)
7
Q
What is cell differentiation stimulated by?
A
- This cell differentiation is stimulated by hormones (the balance of different hormones can determine whether xylem or phloem tissue is produced)
8
Q
Where are stem cells present in?
A
- Meristematic tissue
9
Q
Vascular tissue
A
- Vascular tissue grows as the plant grows
10
Q
Where is tissue found?
A
- Wherever growth occurs
11
Q
Pluripotent nature
A
- The pluripotent nature of stem cells in the meristems continue through the life of a plant.
12
Q
How do stem cells differentiate?
A
- Zygote (human egg) - divides to make more cells
- Blastocyst - these cells will give rise to the placenta
- stem cells will differentiate to become different types of gene
- Transcription - mRNA can code different ptoteins
- stem cells can be found in the body
- organ rejection can happen.
