Stepwise Refinement

Question 1

What is Stepwise Refinement?

Answer 1

Stepwise refinement is a programming method where an algorithm or large problem is broken down into smaller, more manageable parts or steps that can be programmed individually. It involves systematically decomposing a complex task into simpler sub-tasks.

Question 2

What are the key components of Stepwise Refinement?

Answer 2

• Breaking down algorithms into smaller, programmable parts.
• Each sub-task becomes a module that is refined separately.
• Modules or subroutines function as encapsulated specific tasks.

Question 3

What are subroutines in the context of stepwise refinement?

Answer 3

Subroutines are functions or procedures that encapsulate specific tasks. They are used to perform frequently used operations that can be reused by other programs, creating more manageable and understandable solutions.

Question 4

What are the advantages of using subroutines in Stepwise Refinement?

Answer 4

• Allow calling the subroutine in multiple places, reducing code duplication.
• Can be tested independently.
• Changes only need to be made once.
• Reduces unnecessary duplication of code and logic.
• Enables teams to work on different parts simultaneously.

Question 5

How does Stepwise Refinement support structured programming?

Answer 5

• Organizes code into logical, manageable subroutines.
• Makes programs easier to understand, maintain, and debug.
• Encourages modular design where each module can be developed and tested independently.
• Improves code quality and development efficiency.

Question 6

What’s an example of applying Stepwise Refinement to a complex problem?

Answer 6

Decomposing a complex problem like a transportation system into modules such as scheduling, ticketing, and routing. Each module can be refined separately, leading to more robust and maintainable code.

Question 7

How does Stepwise Refinement relate to functions and procedures?

Answer 7

Procedures are sequences of steps that perform tasks without returning values. Functions are similar but return values after executing sub-tasks. Both help implement the refined sub-tasks into manageable, reusable code components.