STEVENS: CELLS AND ORGANS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Question 1

T or F:
mature lymphocytes can be found in the tissues and peripheral blood

Answer 1

T

Question 2

RC of neutrophils

Answer 2

50-75%

Question 3

size of neutrophils

Answer 3

10-15 um

Question 4

other name for neutrophil

Answer 4

“segs”

Question 5

proportion of specific granules of neutrophils

Answer 5

two thirds

Question 6

proportion of azurophilic granules of neutrophils

Answer 6

one thirds

Question 7

azurophilic granules are aka

Answer 7

primary granules

Question 8

specific granules are aka

Answer 8

secondary granules

Question 9

primary granules of neutrophil

Answer 9

myeloperoxidase
lysozyme
elastase
proteinase-3
cathepsin G
defensins

Question 10

secondary granules of neutrophil

Answer 10

lysozyme
lactoferrin
collagenase
gelatinase
respiratory burst components

Question 11

in what pool is are half of the neutrophil in peripheral blood found

Answer 11

marginating pool, adhering to blood vessel walls

Question 12

how many hours do neutrophil circulate in the blood

Answer 12

6-8 hours

Question 13

chemical messengers that cause cells to migrate in a particular destination

Answer 13

chemotaxins

Question 14

size of eosinophils

Answer 14

12-15 um

Question 15

RC of eosinophils

Answer 15

1-3%

Question 16

eosinophil granules

Answer 16

catalase
lysozyme
growth factors
cationic proteins

Question 17

component of eosinophils that kill parasites

Answer 17

cationic proteins

Question 18

most important role of eosinophils

Answer 18

regulation of mast cell function

Question 19

size of basophil

Answer 19

10-15 um

Question 20

basophil granules

Answer 20

histamine
cytokines
growth factors
small amount of heparin

Question 21

function of basophil

Answer 21

regulate Th cell responses
stimulate B cells to produce IgE

Question 22

how many types of granules does monocyte have

Answer 22

two

Question 22

size of monocytes

Answer 22

12-22 um

Question 22

first type of monocyte granules

Answer 22

peroxidase
acid phosphatase
arylsulfatase

(similar to lysosomes of neutrophils)

Question 23

second type of monocyte granules

Answer 23

beta-glucuronidase lysozyme lipase (no alkaline phosphatase)

Question 24

T or F monocyte has digestive vacuoles

Answer 24

T

Question 25

RC of monocytes

Answer 25

4-10%

Question 26

lifespan of monocytes in blood before they become macrophage

Answer 26

30 hours

Question 27

size of macrophage

Answer 27

25-80 um

Question 28

what does monocyte has that macrophage doesnt

Answer 28

peroxidase

Question 29

why is macrophage less efficient than neutrophils

Answer 29

slower

Question 30

how do macrophage move through tissues

Answer 30

amoeboid reaction some are immobile

Question 31

life span of macrophage

Answer 31

months

Question 32

innate functions of macrophage

Answer 32

microbial killing anti-tumor activity intracellular parasite eradication phagocytosis secretion of cell mediators

Question 33

how is the killing activity of macrophage enhanced

Answer 33

contact w/ microorganisms cytokines released by T cells

Question 34

adaptive functions of macrophage

Answer 34

present antigens to T and B cells

Question 35

where are mast cells located

Answer 35

skin connective tissue mucosal epithelial tissue (respiratory, genitourinary, digestive tract)

Question 36

life span of mast cells

Answer 36

9-18 months

Question 37

mast cell granules

Answer 37

ACP ALP protease histamine

Question 38

contribution of mast cell in adaptive immunity

Answer 38

APC enhance and also suppress adaptive immunity

Question 39

discovered dendritic cells

Answer 39

Steinman and Cohn, 1973

Question 40

to what cell dendritic cells present Ag

Answer 40

T cell

Question 41

RC of lymphocytes

Answer 41

20-40%

Question 42

size of lymphocytes

Answer 42

7-10 um

Question 43

granules of lymphocytes

Answer 43

NO GRANULES LOL AGRANULOCYTE GANI

Question 44

percentage of B cells in lymphocyte population

Answer 44

10-20%

Question 45

percentage of T cells in lymphocyte population

Answer 45

61-80%

Question 46

percentage of NK cells in lymphocyte population

Answer 46

10-15%

Question 47

how are lymphocytes differentiated

Answer 47

Clusters of differentiation

Question 48

number of CD designations

Answer 48

more than 500

Question 49

B cells remain in the environment provided by

Answer 49

bone marrow stromal cells

Question 50

B cells can be recognized by the presence of what membrane-bound antibodies

Answer 50

IgM and IgD

Question 51

surface proteins found on B cells

Answer 51

CD19, CD21, Class II MHC

Question 52

lymphocyte precursor of T cell

Answer 52

thymocytes

Question 53

role of T cells

Answer 53

-produce cytokines to stimulate B cells to produce antibodies -assist in killing tumor cells/infected cells -help regulate both innate and adaptive immunity (cell-mediated immunity)

Question 54

CD of T cells

Answer 54

CD3

Question 55

CD of regulatory or helper T

Answer 55

CD4

Question 56

CD of cytotoxic T

Answer 56

CD8

Question 57

ratio of CD4 and CD8 cells in peripheral blood

Answer 57

2:1

Question 58

why are NK cells named as is

Answer 58

have the ability to kill target cells w/o prior exposure to them

Question 59

where do NK cells mature

Answer 59

bone marrow

Question 60

size of NK cell

Answer 60

15 um

Question 61

morphology of NK

Answer 61

contain kidney shaped nuclei with condensed chromatin

Question 62

where are NK cells found

Answer 62

liver, spleen, PB

Question 63

unique CD markers of NK cells

Answer 63

no UNIQUE CD markers

Question 64

CD present in NK cells

Answer 64

CD16 and CD56

Question 65

purpose of CD16

Answer 65

allows NK to make contact with and lyse cells coated with antibodies

Question 66

half-life of NK

Answer 66

7-10 days

Question 67

T or F NK can develop memory

Answer 67

T

Question 68

B cell was named from

Answer 68

bursa of Fabricius

Question 69

Immature T cells appear in fetus as early as how many weeks

Answer 69

8 weeks

Question 70

maturation of T cells takes place for how many weeks

Answer 70

3 weeks

Question 71

where are mature T cells released from

Answer 71

medulla of thymus

Question 72

where do lymphocytes spends most of its life span

Answer 72

solid tissue

Question 73

how do lymphocytes travel to tissue and back to blood

Answer 73

thoracic duct

Question 74

process of multiplication of lymphocytes

Answer 74

lymphopoiesis

Question 75

where does lymphopoiesis occur

Answer 75

secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 76

difference of lymphopoiesis and lymphocyte production from BM

Answer 76

lymphopoiesis- antigen dependent BM- antigen independent

Question 77

what gives rise to long lived memory cells and shorter lived effector cells

Answer 77

antigen activation

Question 78

T-cell rich region of white pulp

Answer 78

periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

Question 79

attached to PALS that contain unstimulated B cells

Answer 79

primary follicles

Question 80

PALS part where dendritic cells trap antigens

Answer 80

marginal zone

Question 81

spleen receives how much blood

Answer 81

350 mL/min

Question 82

the sinuses of lymph node are lined with what cells

Answer 82

macrophage

Question 83

how do lymphocytes enter the lymph node

Answer 83

high endothelial venules

Question 84

cells found in the cortex

Answer 84

macrophages, mature resting B cells

Question 85

primary follicles contain

Answer 85

resting B cells

Question 86

specialized cells located in primary follicles that help capture antigen and present to T and B cells

Answer 86

follicular dendritic cells

Question 87

secondary follicles contain

Answer 87

antigen stimulated B cells

Question 88

where do transformation of b cells takes place

Answer 88

germinal centers below the secondary follicle

Question 89

where are T cells mainly localized

Answer 89

paracortex

Question 90

APC closely located to T cells

Answer 90

interdigitating cells

Question 91

enlargement of lymph node is called

Answer 91

lymphadenopathy

Question 92

intraepidermal lymphocytes are part of

Answer 92

cutaneous-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT)