STI's

Question 1

Sexually transmitted infections (STI)

Answer 1

Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections of the reproductive tract caused by microorganisms transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sexual intercourse

Question 2

Is Chlamydia a curable STI?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

How is chlamydia transmitted to others?

Answer 3

vaginal, anal, and oral sex and by childbirth

Question 4

What diagnostic testing is recommended for chlamydia?

Answer 4

-Culture fluid from endocervical swabs
-NAAT from urine
-Conjunctival secretions in neonates
Females should be screened annually

Question 5

What are some symptoms of chlamydia?

Answer 5

-Usually asymptomatic
Vaginal discharge, endocervicitis, inflammation of the rectum and lining of the eye, can infect the throat, dysuria, urinary frequency, dyspareunia

Question 6

Treatment of Chlamydia

Answer 6

Azithromycin
Doxycycline
**Will also treat for gonorrhea

Question 7

Chlamydia

Answer 7

• Most common bacterial STI in the US

- caused by chlamydia trachomatis (parasite)

Question 8

Gonorrhea

Answer 8

• Second most common reported infection
• HIGHLY contagious and reportable to health departments
• caused by: aerobic gram-negative intracellular diplococcus
• IS CURABLE

Question 9

What is the site of infection for Gonorrhea?

Answer 9

Columnar epithelium of endocervix

Question 10

How is Gonorrhea transmitted?

Answer 10

Almost exclusively by sexual intercourse

Sometimes childbirth

Question 11

Testing for Gonorrhea

Answer 11

Gram stain or culture for bacteria
NAAT
Females should screen annually

Question 12

Symptoms of Gonorrhea

Answer 12

May be asymptomatic
-Dysuria, urinary frequency, dyspareunia, abnormal vaginal discharge (yellow and foul), endocervisitis, arthritis, PID, Bartholin abscess

Question 13

Treatment for Gonorrhea

Answer 13

Ceftriaxone and azithromycin

Question 14

Patient Education for Gonorrhea

Answer 14

• Sexual partners need evaluation, testing, and treatment also
• Abstinence from sexual activity until therapy is complete and symptoms gone
• Retesting in 3 months to rule out reoccurrence

Question 15

What can happen to the babies who are born to mothers with gonorrhea?

Answer 15

Neonatal conjunctivitis which can lead to blindness

Question 16

P-LI-SS-IT Model

Answer 16

P-permission–gives permission to talk about experience
LI-Limited Info–info given about STI
SS-Specific Suggestions-attempt to help change behavior and prevent reoccurrence
IT-Intensive therapy-referring to treatment elsewhere

Question 17

Genital Herpes Simplex

Answer 17

Lifelong recurrent viral disease

NO CURE

Question 18

How is genital herpes transmitted?

Answer 18

Contact with mucous membranes or breaks in the skin with visible or nonvisible lesions

Question 19

How is diagnosis for genital herpes confirmed?

Answer 19

via viral culture or fluid from vesicle

Question 20

Treatment for Genital Herpes

Answer 20

NO CURE

Antivirals used to treat first episode, reoccurrence and transmission

Question 21

Primary Episode symptoms of genital herpes

Answer 21

Most severe and prolonged
-multiple painful vesicular lesions, mucopurulent discharge, superinfection, fever, chills, malaise, dysuria, headache, genital irritation, lymphadenopathy, inguinal tenderness

Question 22

Recurrent infection of genital herpes

Answer 22

More localized and quicker resolution

-tingling, itching, pain, unilateral genital lesions

Question 23

Syphilis

Answer 23

Curable bacterial infection caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum
-serious systemic disease

Question 24

Mode of Transmission Syphilis

Answer 24

sexual intercourse

Question 25

Treatment for Syphilis

Answer 25

Benzathine penicillin injection | -If penicillin allergy use doxycycline

Question 26

Primary Syphilis Infection Symptoms

Answer 26

Chancre | Painless bilateral adenopathy

Question 27

Secondary Syphilis Infection Symptoms

Answer 27

Flu-like symptoms Rash on trunk, hands, and feet Alopecia Adenopathy

Question 28

Latency Syphilis Infection

Answer 28

Absence of manifestations | Positive serology

Question 29

Tertiary Syphilis Infection

Answer 29

Life-threatening heart disease Neurologic disease Tumors on skin bones and liver Usually not reversible

Question 30

Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 30

Inflammation of the upper reproductive tract | -Results from ascending polymicrobial infection frequently caused by untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea

Question 31

Symptoms and Results of PID

Answer 31

Ectopic pregnancy, pelvic abscess, subfertility, abdominal pain, pelvic adhesions, depression, adnexal tenderness, cervical motion tenderness

Question 32

What is used to diagnose PID?

Answer 32

Endometrial biopsy, transvaginal ultrasound, laparoscopic examination

Question 33

Nursing Management for PID

Answer 33

Maintain hydration, analgesics for pain, semi-fowler's position to facilitate drainage, education about prevention of reoccurrence, sexual counseling

Question 34

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer 34

Most common VIRAL infection in the US | Will see genital warts (condylomata)

Question 35

Symptoms of HPV

Answer 35

Most Asymptomatic Visible genital warts May develop into cervical cancer

Question 36

Diagnostic tests for HPV

Answer 36

Pap smears and HPV test

Question 37

Treatment for HPV

Answer 37

NO CURE HPV vaccine for prevention and education on treatment of lesions -Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9

Question 38

Hepatitis A and B

Answer 38

An acute systemic viral infection that can be transmitted sexually; inflammation of the liver

Question 39

How does Hepatitis A spread? Acquired?

Answer 39

via the GI tract | from polluted water, uncooked shellfish, food handled by a hepatitis carrier with poor hygiene, and oral/anal contact

Question 40

How does Hep B spread?

Answer 40

via saliva, blood, semen, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretions

Question 41

Hepatitis A Symptoms

Answer 41

Flu-like symptoms w/ malaise, skin rash, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, pruritus, fever, and upper right quadrant pain

Question 42

Hep B Symptoms

Answer 42

Similar to Hep A but with less fever and skin involvement

Question 43

Ectoparasitic Infections

Answer 43

common cause of skin rash and pruritus around the world | Scabies and Pubic Lice

Question 44

Scabies

Answer 44

intensely pruritic dermatitis caused by a mite | -female mite burrows under the skin and lays eggs which hatch

Question 45

Symptoms of Scabies

Answer 45

Pruritus, lesions, rash

Question 46

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 46

sexual intercourse, sharing needles, mother to fetus, transfusion of infected blood or blood products

Question 47

Three Stages of HIV infection

Answer 47

1) Acute seroconversion 2) Asymptomatic Infection 3) AIDS

Question 48

Goals of HIV drug therapy

Answer 48

- decrease viral load below level of detection - restore bodies ability to fight off pathogens - improve quality of life - reduce morbidity and mortality

Question 49

What is the therapeutic management technique for HIV?

Answer 49

HAART-highly active antiretroviral therapy | -combines at least ARV drugs

Question 50

Vaginitis

Answer 50

inflammation and infection of the vagina

Question 51

What are the 3 most common causes of vaginitis?

Answer 51

Candida-fungus Trichomonas-protozoan Gardnerella-bacterium

Question 52

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Answer 52

One of the most common causes of vaginal discharge - yeast, monilial, or fungal infection - NOT considered an STI

Question 53

Nursing Management for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Answer 53

Teaching preventative measures: cotton underwear, avoid irritants, hygiene, avoid douching/super absorbent tampons, avoiding sex and alcohol

Question 54

Bacterial Vaginosis

Answer 54

Most prevalent cause of vaginal discharge | Risk factors: multiple sex partners, douching, lack of vaginal lactobacilli